Overview

The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help of traditional notions of reasoning, such as classical logic. Understanding the contribution of modelling practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires expanding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term ""model"" comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. Moreover, in the modelling process, various forms of abstraction are used. Evaluation and adaptation take place in the light of structural, causal, and/or functional constraints. Model simulation can be used to produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviours and other factors. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology: the most recent results and achievements in the topics above are illustrated in the chapters.

Full Product Details

Author:   L. Magnani ,  N.J. Nersessian
Publisher:   Springer Science+Business Media
Imprint:   Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
Edition:   2002 ed.
Dimensions:   Width: 17.80cm , Height: 3.00cm , Length: 25.40cm
Weight:   2.250kg
ISBN:  

9780306472442

ISBN 10:   0306472449
Pages:   404
Publication Date:   31 May 2002
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of print, replaced by POD  
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Table of Contents

Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific Models.- Analogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler.- Model Experiments and Models in Experiments.- Models, Simulations, and Experiments.- Calibration of Models in Experiments.- The Development of Scientific Taxonomies.- Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios.- Modeling Practices and “Tradition”.- Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms.- Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving.- Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process.- Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science.- Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems.- Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base.- Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy.- Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World.- Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold.- Epistemic Mediators and Model-Based Discovery in Science.- Deterministic Models and the “Unimportance of the Inevitable”.- Mental Models in Conceptual Development.- Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process.- Author Index.

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