Overview

Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions worldwide. Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, depression significantly impairs quality of life and functional capacity. Despite the availability of various pharmacological and psychological treatments, a substantial proportion of individuals with depression experience recurrent episodes, chronic symptoms, or incomplete remission. These challenges have motivated the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that address the complex nature of depression, particularly its recurrent and relapsing tendencies. One such approach is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) - a structured, evidence-based psychological intervention that integrates principles of cognitive therapy with mindfulness practices derived from contemplative traditions. MBCT was developed in the 1990s by Zindel Segal, Mark Williams, and John Teasdale as a relapse prevention program for individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). It was designed specifically to reduce the risk of future depressive episodes by cultivating a different relationship to thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations, especially those associated with depressive relapse. Theoretical Foundations MBCT draws on two primary traditions: - Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron Beck, focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive thinking patterns and cognitive distortions that contribute to emotional distress. Depression is understood as partly maintained by negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs, which lead to negative mood states and behavioral withdrawal. - Mindfulness Meditation: Mindfulness, rooted in Buddhist meditation practices, is the intentional and non-judgmental awareness of present-moment experiences, including thoughts, feelings, and sensations. Unlike rumination or avoidance, mindfulness encourages observing experiences with openness and curiosity, allowing for a decentered perspective that reduces emotional reactivity. By integrating these approaches, MBCT aims to interrupt the habitual cognitive and emotional patterns that trigger and maintain depressive episodes.

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