Overview

Neurodegeneration is a serious, significant and major health threat worldwide. It is classified as a growing defacement of cognitive or motor function, which is followed by various types neurological disorders such like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and many others with the no proper and standard treatment available so far Cummings J; Pihlstr�m et al. [1,2]. AD is the most leading cause of death in United States with ranked sixth, while PD the second most common neurodegenerative disease (NDDs) after AD, damage 1 to 2% person aged above 65 Silva et al; Rijk et al; Bekris et al; Farrer Alzheimer's Association [3-7]. The pathophysiology of these diseases is very diverse in nature Abeliovich et al; Canter et al [8, 9]. Some occurs due to decline in memory and cognitive function, other result in affecting the person ability of speaking. walking. breathing Taylor et al: T.Wyss-Corey [10.11]. The most of the neurodegenerative disease are describe by their specific protein aggregation and anatomic predisposition. Various underlying processes associated with increasing neuronal cell loss and death includes proteotoxic stress, oxidative stress, abnormal ubiquitin-proteasomal as well as autophagy lysomal system, programmed cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation Dugger et al: Milenkovic [12, 13]. Various studies support the complex etiology of these neurological disorder such like abnormal or defective protein aggregation and degradation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and exposure to chemical/environmental toxicants such as metal ion, pesticides, pollution etc. Each neurological disorder has their own methodology and manifestation at molecular as well as clinical state. However some common pathways are identified in different disease pathogenesis including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding. formation of free radicles, metal dyshomeostasis to study the underlying mechanism of neurodegenerative disease and their common pathogenesis among others. Exploring these similarities will open a new ray of hope for therapeutic invention that will provide better understanding of disease pathogenesis and improved treatment for neurodegeneration.

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