Overview

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) crop affected by several diseases commonly affect crops at different growth stages, leading to significant losses in yield and quality. These diseases are mostly soil- and seed-borne, enabling the pathogens to survive for long periods in crop residues and soil. They spread through irrigation water, rain splashes, wind, contaminated tools, and intercultural operations. Favorable environmental conditions such as high humidity, cloudy weather, suitable temperature ranges, poor drainage, and excessive soil moisture accelerate disease development. Early infection, especially at the seedling and flowering stages, weakens plant growth, disrupts seed formation, and often results in shriveled or unmarketable produce. Effective management requires timely identification of symptoms and an understanding of the survival, spread, and environmental conditions that favor disease outbreaks.

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