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This dissertation, Long-term Therapy Related Side Effect on Endocrine System Among Survivor With Paediatric Brain Tumour and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia by Shu-wing, Sophia, Chan, 陳舒穎, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and brain tumours are frequently seen in childhood malignancies. With the improved effectiveness of treatments, approximately 70-80% patients can be cured of their primary illness. However, therapy-related long-term sequelae among survivors are becoming a major concern. Traditional treatments include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, and these have been shown to have prolonged side effects on the endocrine system, and symptoms may develop months or years after completion of treatment. Currently, the endocrine complications in survivors of brain tumours and ALL are under-studied in Hong Kong. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and nature of endocrine complications in paediatric patients with brain tumours and ALL from 2000 to 2015 in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Risk factors likely to be associated with these complications were also evaluated. Method: 359 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, medulloblastoma, intracranial germ cell tumour, ependymoma and craniopharyngioma were reviewed retrospectively in a single centre within the study period and included 233 patients after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Basic biological data, disease-related and treatment-related information were obtained from patients' medical record. Endocrine dysfunction was defined by both clinical and laboratory evaluation. Details of endocrine complications, date of completed cancer treatment and diagnosis of complications were retrieved. Cox regression or Fisher's exact test (2x2 table) was used, as these are appropriate for analysis of between-group differences in discrete variables. Odds ratios were calculated and reported as 95% confidence intervals for the prediction of incidence of different endocrine disorders. Patients who presented with endocrine complications before the start of cancer treatment were excluded from analysis. Results: The most common complication was hypothyroidism (n=45), followed by hypogonadism (n=40). Other major complications included diabetes insipidus (n=29), growth hormone deficiency (n=28), hypoadrenalsim (n=23) and precocious puberty (n=8). Brain tumour patients are at significantly higher risk of developing endocrine complications in comparison to ALL patients (p The use of alkylating agents was statistically significant associated with hypogonadism in both male and female (p=0.0035, odd ratio (OR) 3.956); meanwhile testicular radiotherapy (p=0.0001, OR 34.636) and TBI (p=0.0051, OR 9.058) were had greater association with primary hypogonadism, particularly in male patients. Both cranial radiotherapy (p

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