Overview

Achieving global improvements in environmental health is universally recognized to require action at the local level. Municipalities are the from of government not only closest to the population but also often the most effective at working in partnership with community stakeholders: a prerequisite for any environmental health initiative. Nevertheless, local action cannot succeed in isolation; it must take its place in a supportive framework of national plans and international commitment. The trends towards the decentralization of services and globalization of economies reinforce the need for different levels to play their parts. International initiatives, such as Agenda 21, have led to local action on the environment and health. These local initiatives seek to improve the health and quality of life of the local population by involving the community in decision-making and by integrating social, economic and environmental concerns into policy and action. In the WHO European Region, agreements reached at Region-wide ministerial conferences led to the development of national environmental health action plans (NEHAPs), which in turn has created a framework for the development of local and environmental health action plans (LEHAPs). This text provides an analysis of existing local planning processes and initiatives in the WHO European Region, identifies their common features and describes how they interrelate with and support NEHAPs. Based on a two-year project carried out in the eastern half of the Region, this book also provides guidance and options for the development of LEHAPs that give the levels of flexibility necessary to ensure that a bottom-up planning process can occur. This publication addresses both local and national policy-makers and professionals in the environmental, health and other sectors. It should prove valuable reading for anyone interested in integrated action to improve and protect the environment and health.

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