Overview

Damage to the skin's DNA through exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds, is the most common cause of skin cancer. This form of cancer has the highest incidence rate of any cancer. The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it has several distinct layers. The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and is home to three primary cell types: squamous cells, basal cells, and melanocytes, all of which play a role in the development of skin cancer. Among the many forms of skin cancer are: - The most prevalent type of skin cancer is called basal cell carcinoma (BCC). A little, glossy bump or a reddish patch of skin is the typical outward manifestation. Leaving BCC untreated can lead to local damage, but it seldom spreads to other parts of the body. - The second most frequent form of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Symptoms include a scaly red patch, a sore that won't heal, or a wart-like growth. When compared to BCC, the likelihood of SCC metastasizing to other parts of the body is higher. - Melanoma is the worst kind of skin cancer, although being the rarest. It originates in the cells called melanocytes, which make the pigment melanin. Melanoma typically manifests as a mole or pigmented lesion that has changed in size, shape, or colour from its original appearance. Because it has the potential to metastasis and spread to other organs, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Merkel cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and different cutaneous lymphomas are further rare forms of skin cancer. Sunlight is the leading cause of skin cancer. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer include being fair-skinned, having a history of sunburns, tanning indoors, having a family history of the disease, being immunocompromised, and being exposed to chemicals or radiation. Successful outcomes can only be achieved by early discovery and speedy treatment. Skin cancer treatment options range from surgical removal to radiation therapy to chemotherapy to immunotherapy to targeted therapy, depending on the tumor's kind, size, and location. Wearing protective clothing, applying sunscreen, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds are all effective ways to prevent skin cancer. Early detection of skin cancer is best achieved through regular self-examinations and screenings by a dermatologist.

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