Overview

This book should be of interest to transport economists and shipping professionals; students on courses in shipping and international commerce.

Full Product Details

Author:   Jan Owen Jansson ,  Dan Shneerson
Publisher:   Chapman and Hall
Imprint:   Chapman and Hall
Weight:   0.630kg
ISBN:  

9780412263101

ISBN 10:   0412263106
Pages:   300
Publication Date:   December 1986
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

I The Liner Shipping Industry.- 1 Characteristics of demand and supply of liner shipping.- 1.1 An aggregate picture of seaborne trade and the world fleet tonnage.- 1.2 The development of the shares of the world fleet: developed countries, flags of convenience and developing countries.- 1.3 Liner shipping, shipping for hire and 'own shipping'.- 1.4 The relative size of the liner shipping industry.- 1.5 Recent development in general cargo shipping.- 1.6 Geographical aspects of liner shipping.- 2 Market organization: the conference system.- 2.1 The scope of the conference system.- 2.2 Conference organization and main activities.- 2.3 Why conferences?.- 2.4 Concluding remarks.- 3 The level and structure of freight rates.- 3.1 The general level of freight rates.- 3.2 The structure of freight rates.- Appendix A: The construction of the CONISCON index (1975-85).- Appendix B: The liner index of the FRG (1976-85).- Appendix C: The construction of an individual line freight rate index.- 4 The art of charging what the traffic can bear.- 4.1 The main form of price discrimination in liner shipping.- 4.2 The role of commodity value for shipping demand elasticity.- 4.3 The role of competition from other sources of goods supply for shipping demand elasticity.- 4.4 Competition from 'outsiders' and other modes of transport.- 4.5 Summary and conclusions.- II Liner Service Optimization.- 5 Ship size and shipping costs.- 5.1 Sizes of ships of different categories: The statistical picture.- 5.2 Plant-size economies in general.- 5.3 The three ship capacities.- 5.4 The model.- 5.5 Estimation of ship size elasticities of handling and hauling capacities and factor costs.- 5.6 Economies of size at sea - diseconomies of size in port.- 5.7 Optimal ship size.- 5.8 Analysis of the effect on optimal ship size of parameter changes in the model.- 5.9 The optimal size of a palletized reefer ship: A case study.- 5.10 Towards a model of ship size growth.- 6 Multi-port calling versus trans-shipment.- 6.1 The general problem: Feeder-transport cost minimization in a given service range.- 6.2 The specific problem: The potential of sea-feeder transport.- 6.3 The very large container carriers and feeder services.- 7 Shippers' costs of sailings infrequency and transit time.- 7.1 Storage costs.- 7.2 Costs of sailings infrequency and transit time for goods which are not stored by importers.- 7.3 Loss of value of perishable goods.- 7.4 How important are shippers' costs?.- Appendix: Optimal ship size when both shipping company costs and the shippers' costs are accounted for.- 8 Port costs and charges and the problem of shipping and port sub-optimizations.- 8.1 'Public' general cargo transport systems versus 'private' bulk cargo transport systems.- 8.2 Bottlenecks in ports.- 8.3 Port charges as a means of coordinating shipping and port operations.- 9 A cost minimization model of a liner trade.- 9.1 A liner trade model -I The Liner Shipping Industry.- 1 Characteristics of demand and supply of liner shipping.- 1.1 An aggregate picture of seaborne trade and the world fleet tonnage.- 1.2 The development of the shares of the world fleet: developed countries, flags of convenience and developing countries.- 1.3 Liner shipping, shipping for hire and 'own shipping'.- 1.4 The relative size of the liner shipping industry.- 1.5 Recent development in general cargo shipping.- 1.6 Geographical aspects of liner shipping.- 2 Market organization: the conference system.- 2.1 The scope of the conference system.- 2.2 Conference organization and main activities.- 2.3 Why conferences?.- 2.4 Concluding remarks.- 3 The level and structure of freight rates.- 3.1 The general level of freight rates.- 3.2 The structure of freight rates.- Appendix A: The construction of the CONISCON index (1975-85).- Appendix B: The liner index of the FRG (1976-85).- Appendix C: The construction of an individual line freight rate index.- 4 The art of charging what the traffic can bear.- 4.1 The main form of price discrimination in liner shipping.- 4.2 The role of commodity value for shipping demand elasticity.- 4.3 The role of competition from other sources of goods supply for shipping demand elasticity.- 4.4 Competition from 'outsiders' and other modes of transport.- 4.5 Summary and conclusions.- II Liner Service Optimization.- 5 Ship size and shipping costs.- 5.1 Sizes of ships of different categories: The statistical picture.- 5.2 Plant-size economies in general.- 5.3 The three ship capacities.- 5.4 The model.- 5.5 Estimation of ship size elasticities of handling and hauling capacities and factor costs.- 5.6 Economies of size at sea - diseconomies of size in port.- 5.7 Optimal ship size.- 5.8 Analysis of the effect on optimal ship size of parameter changes in the model.- 5.9 The optimal size of a palletized reefer ship: A case study.- 5.10 Towards a model of ship size growth.- 6 Multi-port calling versus trans-shipment.- 6.1 The general problem: Feeder-transport cost minimization in a given service range.- 6.2 The specific problem: The potential of sea-feeder transport.- 6.3 The very large container carriers and feeder services.- 7 Shippers' costs of sailings infrequency and transit time.- 7.1 Storage costs.- 7.2 Costs of sailings infrequency and transit time for goods which are not stored by importers.- 7.3 Loss of value of perishable goods.- 7.4 How important are shippers' costs?.- Appendix: Optimal ship size when both shipping company costs and the shippers' costs are accounted for.- 8 Port costs and charges and the problem of shipping and port sub-optimizations.- 8.1 'Public' general cargo transport systems versus 'private' bulk cargo transport systems.- 8.2 Bottlenecks in ports.- 8.3 Port charges as a means of coordinating shipping and port operations.- 9 A cost minimization model of a liner trade.- 9.1 A liner trade model - purpose, scope and assumption.- 9.2 Total producer and user costs.- 9.3 Optimal ship size, multi-port diversion, and frequency of sailings.- 9.4 The minimum total cost per ton.- III Economic Evaluation of the Conference System.- 10 The charging floor reconsidered.- 10.1 Economies of scale?.- 10.2 Common cost and factor indivisibility.- Appendix: Model of profit-maximizing freight rate making.- 11 The freight rate structure is out of line with the marginal cost structure.- 11.1 Principles of marginal cost-based tariffs.- 11.2 Cross-subsidization between commodities.- 11.3 Excessive averaging of freight rates: Some suggestions for reforming the tariff construction.- 11.4 Further aspects of a cost-based freight rate structure.- Appendix: Freight rates and shipping marginal costs of Israeli imports and exports.- 12 Potential cartel profits become social costs.- 12.1 Empirical evidence of low load factors in liner shipping.- 12.2 Model of supply and demand equilibrium in a liner trade.- 12.3 Some evidence of a negative relationship between the load factor and the profit potential.- 12.4 Excessive service competition.- 13 Conclusion: price competition in liner shipping should be encouraged.- 13.1 The two types of ill effects.- 13.2 Allocative inefficiency effects.- 13.3 'Slack' effects.- 13.4 Encourage price competition and service coordination.- 13.5 Recent attempts of reforming liner conference practices.- 13.6 Problems of regulating international liner shipping.- 13.7 Hopes for the future.- References.- Author index.

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