Overview

Turbulent ?ows are ubiquitous in most application ?elds, ranging from - gineering to earth sciences and even life sciences. Therefore, simulation of turbulent ?ows has become a key tool in both fundamental and applied - search. The complexity of Navier-Stokes turbulence, which is illustrated by the fact that the number of degrees of freedom of turbulence grows faster 11/4 thanO(Re ), where Re denotes the Reynolds number, renders the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of turbulence inapplicable to most ?ows of - terest. To alleviate this problem, truncated solutions in both frequency and wavenumbermaybesought,whosecomputationalcostismuchlowerandmay ideally be arbitrarily adjusted. The most suitable approach to obtain such a low-cost three-dimensional unsteady simulation of a turbulent ?ow is Large- EddySimulation(LES),whichwaspioneeredtocomputemeteorological?ows in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. One of the main issues raised by LES is a closure problem: because of the non-linearity of the Navier-Stokes equations, the e?ect of unresolved scales must be taken into account to recover a reliable description of resolved scales of motion (Chap. 2). This need to close the governing equations of LES has certainly been the main area of investigation since the 1960s, and numerous closures,alsoreferredtoassubgridmodels,havebeenproposed. Mostexisting subgrid models have been built using simpli?ed viewsof turbulence dynamics, the main physical phenomenon taken into account being the direct kinetic - ergycascade from largeto small scales that is observed in isotropic turbulence and high-Reynolds fully developed turbulent ?ows. The most popular pa- digm for interscale energy transfer modeling is subgrid viscosity (Chap.

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Pierre Saugaut is one of the leading scientists in scientific computing (Simulation, Analysis and Modeling of Compressible Turbulent Flows), and his books are considered the most important in the field of LES theory and applications (he has been given the ONERA award for the best scientific publication in 1997,1999, 2001). He is teaching at the Pierre et Marie Curie Universite Paris. The author has published several books with Springer (""Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows"", ISBN 978-3-540-26344-9; ""Introduction a la simulation des grandes echelles pour les ecoulements de fluide incompressible"", ISBN 978-3-540-64684-6; ""Turbulence and Interactions"", ISBN 978-3-642-00261-8; ""Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations"", ISBN 978-1-4020-8577-2). He is in the Editorial/Advisory Board of the Springer Journals ""Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics"" and ""Journal of Scientific Computing"".

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