Overview

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.

Full Product Details

Author:   Venkataraman Lakshmi ,  John Albertson ,  John Schaake
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   American Geophysical Union
Volume:   3
Dimensions:   Width: 22.10cm , Height: 1.80cm , Length: 27.40cm
Weight:   0.871kg
ISBN:  

9780875903521

ISBN 10:   0875903525
Pages:   256
Publication Date:   01 January 2001
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Preface Venkatamaran Lakshmi  v Introduction Venkatamaran Lakshmi  1 Section 1: OBSERVATIONS Lidar Measurements of the Dimensionless Humidity Gradient in the Unstable Atmosphere Surface Layer William E. Eichinger, Marc B. Parlange, and Gabriel G. Katul 7 Time Difference Methods for Monitoring Regional Scale Heat Fluxes with Remote Sensing William P. Kustas, George R. Diak, and John M.  Norman 15 Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks Within Canopies Using Forward and Inverse Methods Gabriel G. Katul, Chun-Ta Lai, Mario Siqueira, Karina Schafer, John D. Albertson, Karen H. Wesson, David Ellsworth, and Ram Oren  31 Ground-Based Soil Moisture and Soil Hydraulic Property Observations in Regional Scale Experiments Richard H. Cuenca and Shaun F. Kelly  47 Section 2: MODELING Bounding the Parameters of Land-Surface Schemes Using Observational Data Luis A . Bastidas, Hoshin V. Gupta, and Soroosh Sorooshian 65 A Priori Estimation of Land Surface Model Parameters Quingyun Duan, John Schaake, and Victor Koren 77 Comparing GCM-Generated Land Surface Water Budgets Using a Simple Common Framework Randall D. Koster, Paul A. Dirmeyer, P. C. D. Milly, and Gary L. Russell  95 Development and Application of Land Surface Models for Mesoscale Atmospheric Models: Problems and Promises Fei Chen, Roger A. Pielke Sr., and Kenneth Mitchell  107 Evaluation of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Water and Energy Budgets Using Macroscale Hydrologic Model Simulations Edwin P. Maurer, Greg M. O'Donnell, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, and John O. Roads 137 Section 3: INTEGRATION OF OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING The Effect of Sub-Grid Variability of Soil Moisture on the Simulation of Mesoscale Watershed Hydrology: A Case Study From the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment Karen I . Mohr, James S. Famiglietti, and Aaron Boone 161 Assimilation of fAPAR and Surface Temperature Into a Land Surface and Vegetation Model Wolfgang Knorr and Venkataraman Lakshmi  177 Experimental Design and Initial Results From the Mahurangi River Variability Experiment: MARVEX Ross Woods, Roger Grayson, Andrew Western, Maurice Duncan, David Wilson, Roger Young, Richard Ibbitt, Roddy Henderson, and Tom McMahon  201 Integration of Land Observations and Modeling: Experiences and Strategies of a Large Scale Experiment Richard G. Lawford  215 Hydrological Implications of the El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Observations and Hydrologic Forecasting Thomas C. Piechota, Francis H. S. Chiew, and John A. Dracup  231

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Author Information

Venkataraman Lakshmi and John Albertson are the authors of Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate: Observations and Modeling, published by Wiley.

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