Overview

Scott C. Martin examines leisure as a contested cultural space in which nineteenth-century Americans articulated and developed ideas about ethnicity, class, gender, and community. This new perspective demonstrates how leisure and sociability mediated the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society. Martin argues persuasively that southwestern Pennsylvanians used leisure activities to create identities and define values in a society being transformed by market expansion. The transportation revolution brought new commercial entertainments and recreational opportunities but also fragmented and privatized customary patterns of communal leisure. By using leisure as a window on the rapid changes sweeping through the region, Martin shows how southwestern Pennsylvanians used voluntary associations, private parties, and public gatherings to construct social identities better suited to their altered circumstances. The prosperous middle class devised amusements to distinguish them from workers who, in turn, resisted reformers' attempts to constrain their use of free time. Ethnic and racial minorities used holiday observances and traditional celebrations to define their place in American society, while women tested the boundaries of the domestic sphere through participation in church fairs, commercial recreation, and other leisure activities. This study illuminates the cultural history of the region and offers broader insights into perceptions of free time, leisure, and community in antebellum America.

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9780822939160

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Martin has added greatly to our knowledge of leisure activities for Pennsylvania in particular and the United States in general, and he has left much for us to ponder as we think through the meaning of leisure in society. --Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography

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