Overview

The junctional epithelium is a specialized, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that forms the epithelial attachment between the gingiva and the tooth surface. It is derived from the reduced enamel epithelium during tooth eruption and is located at the base of the gingival sulcus, extending from the cemento-enamel junction apically. Histologically, it is thin, lacks keratinization and rete pegs, and shows wide intercellular spaces with a high cell turnover rate. The junctional epithelium attaches to the tooth through an internal basal lamina and hemidesmosomes and permits migration of inflammatory cells and gingival crevicular fluid, thereby playing a vital role in periodontal defense and health.

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