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Author:   Shima Shayanfar ,  Suresh D. Pillai (Texas A&M University)
Publisher:   John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Imprint:   Wiley-Blackwell
Dimensions:   Width: 17.00cm , Height: 2.00cm , Length: 24.40cm
Weight:   0.680kg
ISBN:  

9781119488538

ISBN 10:   1119488532
Pages:   288
Publication Date:   19 August 2022
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

Contents List of Contributors xi Preface xiv Acknowledgments xvi 1 Introduction 1 Shima Shayanfar and Suresh D. Pillai References 3 2 Radiation Processing Using Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays 4 Kevin O’Hara 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Overview of Cobalt-60—The Radiation Source 4 2.3 Overview of Cobalt-60 Gamma Technology 5 2.4 Cobalt-60 Safety and Security 9 2.5 The Future of Cobalt-60 Gamma Technology 10 References 10 3 X-ray Technology 12 Jeremy Brison, Rick Galloway, Christophe Malice, and Josef Mittendorfer 3.1 Introduction to X-ray Technology 12 3.2 Physical Properties of X-rays 14 3.3 X-rays Today 21 3.4 The X-ray Vision 36 References 37 4 Low-Energy Electron Beam Technologies: Deriving Value from Waste 39 P. Michael Fletcher 4.1 Introduction and History 39 4.2 Ranges of Energy for Electron Accelerators 40 4.3 Shielding Considerations 41 4.4 Absorption of Electron Energy by Materials 42 4.5 Absorption of Electrons’ Negative Charges by Materials 45 4.6 Predicting Depth of Electron Penetration into Products 45 4.7 Dose Measurements and Machine Characterization 46 4.8 Equipment Supplier Brief History 47 4.9 Low-Energy EB Applications 49 4.10 X-ray Shielding and Product Processing 51 4.11 Low-Energy X-ray Machines Made from Low-Energy EB Machines 52 References 52 5 Accelerator Technology for Waste Valorization 53 David Brown 5.1 Introduction 53 5.2 General Properties of the Electron Beam 56 5.3 Delivering “Dose” to Materials 57 5.4 Integration of Accelerator Technologies into Waste Processing Facilities 59 5.5 Integration of E-Beam Systems—An Overview (or “How to Speak to an Accelerator Supplier”) 59 5.6 Process Design, Accelerator Specification, and Machine Selection 60 5.7 Staffing Considerations for Waste Processing Facilities 61 5.8 It’s All about the Dose to the Product 63 5.9 An Overview of Radiation Processing Standards Related to Machine-Based Sources 68 Reference 78 6 Biofuel Production Using Ionizing Technology from Agricultural Waste 79 Tan Kean Meng and Mohd Asyraf Kassim 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Agriculture Waste 80 6.3 Biofuel 81 6.4 Pretreatment 82 6.5 Ionizing Radiation 83 6.6 Effect of Ionizing Radiation Pretreatment 87 6.7 Bioethanol 90 6.8 Biomethane 91 6.9 Biohydrogen 93 6.10 Conclusions 94 References 95 7 Ionizing Technology Effects on Bioactive Compounds from Food Products 104 J.R. Rodríguez-Núñez, A. Rodríguez-Félix, P. I. Campa-Siqueiros, L. Val-Félix, and T.J. Madera-Santana 7.1 Introduction 104 7.2 Valorization of Food Wastes 105 7.3 Food Components: Bioactive Compounds 105 7.4 Bioactive Compounds in Food Subjected to Ionizing Radiation 106 7.5 Conclusions 113 References 113 8 Remediation of Crude Oil Impacted Soils with Electron Beam Irradiation 120 John Lassalle, Kenneth Briggs, Thomas Thompson, Marco Martinez, Andrea Strzelec, and David Staack 8.1 Introduction 120 8.2 Demand for Novel Remediation Techniques 121 8.3 Potential Advantages of Electron Beam Remediation 122 8.4 Process Implementation 124 8.5 Economic Feasibility 131 8.6 Comparison to Other Remediation Technologies 132 8.7 Conclusions 133 References 134 9 Application of E-beam Irradiation to Enhance Class B Disinfection Biosolids Processes to Class A Disinfection Treatment to Produce Value-Added Products 136 Robert S. Reimers, Yue Xu, Suresh D. Pillai, and Kari B. Fitzmorris-Brisolara 9.1 Introduction 136 9.2 Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion 138 9.3 Application of eBeam to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion 139 9.4 Rationale for Upgrading Class B Plants to Class A 141 9.5 Value-Added Products 145 9.6 Value-Added Product Examples 145 9.7 Conclusions 147 References 148 10 Textile Wastewater Management by Ionizing Technology 150 Weihua Sun, Wenyi Wang, and Youxue Zhang 10.1 Introduction 150 10.2 Characteristics of Textile Wastewater 150 10.3 Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Treating Textile Wastewater by Ionizing Radiation 152 10.4 Ionizing Radiation Applied on Textile Wastewater Management 161 10.5 Conclusions 176 References 177 11 Using Ionizing Technologies on Natural Compounds and Wastes for the Development of Advanced Polymers and Active Packaging Materials 180 S. Salmieri, Leila Bagheri, and Monique Lacroix 11.1 Introduction 180 11.2 Combination of Active Packaging with Gamma Irradiation 182 11.3 Development of Active Packaging Using Gamma Irradiation 186 11.4 Conclusions 203 References 204 12 Treatment of Emerging Organic Pollutants Using Ionizing Technology—A State of the Art Discussion 210 Yongxia Sun, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, and Henrietta Nichipor 12.1 Introduction 210 12.2 Methodology 211 12.3 Main Factors Influencing Degradation of EOP 211 12.4 By-products of Selected Aromatic EOP Degradation under Ionizing Radiation 212 12.5 Toxicity of the Solution Containing Selected Aromatic EOPS Before and After Ionizing Radiation 214 12.6 Computer Simulation of Emerging Persistent Pollutant Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Degradation under Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Radiation 215 12.7 Conclusions 221 References 221 13 Remediation of Poly- and Perfluorinated Chemical Substances (PFAS) in the Environment by Ionizing Technology 223 Suresh D. Pillai, Corinne Kowald, John Lassalle, and David Staack References227 14 Pharmaceutical Waste Management by Ionizing Technology 229 Gyuri Sági, Suresh D. Pillai, Erzsébet Takács, and László Wojnárovits 14.1 Pharmaceuticals in the Environment 229 14.2 Common Practices of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Management 230 14.3 Disposal of Model Wastewater with Ionizing Radiation 231 14.4 Irradiation of Actual Wastewater Samples 236 14.5 Economic Considerations, Practical Applications 238 References 238 15 Future Needs and Trends in Waste Management by Ionizing Technologies 242 Shima Shayanfar and Suresh D. Pillai 15.1 The Future of Ionizing Technology Platforms 243 15.2 Ionizing Technology for Animal Waste Rendering 244 15.3 Ionizing Technology for Generating Energy from Waste Streams 245 15.4 Ionizing Technology for Development of High-Value Phytochemicals and Plant Growth Promoters 245 15.5 Suggested Roadmap for the Future 246 References 246 Index 248

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About the Editors Shima Shayanfar, Research and Development Scientist, Herbalife Nutrition U.S., California, USA. Suresh D. Pillai, Director of the National Center for Electron Beam Research, and Professor of Microbiology, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA.

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