Overview

The modern conception of the microenvironment of nerve cells as a dynamic structure and communication channel is unequivocally reviewed in this book. This conception sees the microenvironment as a modulation channel, whose ionic and chemical composition and anatomic structure significantly influence the complex function of neurons and glial cells in the nervous tissue and sensory organs.

Full Product Details

Author:   Eva Sykova (Charles University, Prague)
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Volume:   v. 13
Weight:   0.520kg
ISBN:  

9783540545538

ISBN 10:   3540545530
Pages:   177
Publication Date:   18 June 1992
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
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Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 2 Ion-Selective Microelectrodes.- 3 K+ Homeostasis in the ECS.- 3.1 Stability of K+ in the Extracellular Fluid.- 3.2 Sources of [K+]e Increases.- 3.3 Redistribution of Extracellularly Accumulated K+.- 3.3.1 Role of Active Transport.- 3.3.2 Role of Glial Cells in K+ Homeostasis.- 3.3.2.1 The Spatial Buffer Mechanism.- 3.3.2.2 Active K+ Transport.- 3.3.2.3 Channel-Mediated KCl Uptake.- 3.3.3 K+ Diffusion in the ECS.- 3.3.4 K+ Exchange Between Extracellular Fluid and Blood.- 4 Dynamic [K+]e Changes.- 4.1 Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Spinal Cord...- 4.1.1 [K+]e Changes Induced by Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves.- 4.1.2 Depth Profile of [K+]e Changes in the Spinal Cord.- 4.1.3 Electrical Stimulation of Descending Pathways.- 4.1.4 [K+]e Changes Induced by Adequate Stimulation.- 4.1.4.1 Acute Nociceptive and Non-Nociceptive Stimuli.- 4.1.4.2 Chronic Nociceptive Stimuli.- 4.1.5 [K+]e Changes Associated with Spontaneous Activity in the Dorsal Horns of the Spinal Cord.- 4.1.6 [K+]e Changes Induced by Systemic Administration of Drugs, Transmitters, and Neuropeptides.- 4.2 Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Brain.- 4.2.1 Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Cerebral Cortex and Striatum.- 4.2.2 Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Mesencephalic Reticular Formation.- 4.2.3 Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Cerebellum and Hippocampus.- 4.3 Functional Significance of [K+]e Changes in the CNS.- 4.3.1 Role of K+ in Presynaptic Inhibition.- 4.3.1.1 Depolarization of Primary Afferents.- 4.3.1.2 Effect of Picrotoxin and Bicuculline.- 4.3.2 Effect of K+ Accumulation on Synaptic Transmission.- 4.3.2.1 Effect of K+ on Neuronal Membrane Potential.- 4.3.2.2 Effect of K+ on Synaptic Potentials and Spontaneous Activity.- 4.3.2.3 Effect of K+ on Flexor Reflex.- 4.3.3 K+ Accumulation and Glial Cell Function.- 4.3.4 K+ Accumulation and the Therapeutic Effect of Electrostimulation.- 4.3.5 Other Functional Correlates of a [K+]e Increase.- 4.3.6 K+ Accumulation and Its Functional Significance in Pathological Processes.- 4.3.6.1 [K+]e Changes During Ischaemia and Hypoxia.- 4.3.6.2 K+, Epilepsy, and Epileptiform Activity.- 4.3.6.3 [K+]e and Spreading Depression.- 4.4 Dynamic K+ Changes in the Organ of Corti.- 4.4.1 Resting K+ Concentration in the Inner Ear.- 4.4.2 Dynamic Changes in K+ Concentration in the Organ of Corti Evoked by Acoustic Stimuli.- 4.4.3 Functional Significance of Dynamic [K+]e Changes in the Organ of Corti.- 4.5 Changes in K+ Concentration in the Retina.- 4.5.1 Regulation of [K+]e by Glial Cells in the Retina.- 5 Dynamic Changes in Extracellular Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ Concentration.- 5.1 Changes Induced in Resting [Ca2+]e During Stimulation of Afferent Input.- 5.2 [Ca2+]e Changes in Pathological States.- 5.3 Functional Significance of Dynamic [Ca2+]e Changes.- 6 Dynamic pHe Changes.- 6.1 Extracellular Buffering Power.- 6.2 Activity-Related Dynamic pHe Changes in Nervous Tissue.- 6.2.1 Resting pHe.- 6.2.2 pHe Changes Evoked by Stimulation of Afferent Input.- 6.2.2.1 pHe Changes Evoked by Adequate Stimulation of Skin Nociceptors.- 6.2.3 Effect of Block of Synaptic Transmission on pHe Changes.- 6.2.4 pHe Changes Induced by K+ Depolarization.- 6.3 Mechanisms of pHe Changes in the CNS.- 6.3.1 Effect of Sodium Fluoride.- 6.2.3 Effect of Ouabain.- 6.3.3 Effect of Amiloride.- 6.3.4 Effect of SITS and DIDS.- 6.3.5 Effect of Acetazolamide.- 6.3.6 Effect of Furosemide.- 6.3.7 Effect of Block of H+ Channels.- 6.4 Role of Glial Cells in pHe Homeostasis.- 6.5 pHe Changes in the Retina.- 6.6 pHe Changes During Anoxia, Ischaemia, Epilepsy, and SD.- 6.7 Functional Significance of pHe Changes.- 7 Dynamic Changes in Size of the ECS.- 7.1 Measurement of Changes in Size of the ECS by Means of K+-ISMs.- 7.2 Changes Induced in Size of the ECS by Electrical Stimulation.- 7.3 Changes Induced in Size of the ECS by Adequate Stimulation.- 7.4 Mechanisms of Dynamic Changes in Size of the ECS.- 7.4.1 Volume Changes Induced by Changes in Extracellular Osmolarity.- 7.4.2 Volume Changes During Neuronal Activity.- 7.4.3 Transport Systems of Glial Cells and Regulation of Their Volume.- 7.4.4 Changes in Cell Volume Induced by Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase.- 7.5 Functional Significance of Dynamic Volume Changes in the Microenvironment of Nerve Cells.- 8 Conclusion.- References.

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