Overview

This important new book provides operators of industrial gas turbines with a review of the principles of gas turbine operation and how they can be used to predict and improve turbine performance. The book is accompanied by a CD that allows readers to simulate aspects of performance such as emissions, changes in pressure, and power augmentation. The author covers the thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles as well as simulation of gas turbine performance, emissions, and turbine life assessment for single- and double-shaft gas turbines. Three useful appendices supply convenient tables for stagnation temperatures and pressures along with a simulator user's guide and various simulation exercises.

Full Product Details

Author:   A.M.Y. Razak (Gas Path Analysis, Ltd., Middlesex, UK)
Publisher:   Taylor & Francis Inc
Imprint:   CRC Press Inc
Dimensions:   Width: 15.20cm , Height: 3.90cm , Length: 22.90cm
Weight:   1.089kg
ISBN:  

9781420044553

ISBN 10:   1420044559
Pages:   602
Publication Date:   09 November 2007
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   In Print  
Limited stock is available. It will be ordered for you and shipped pending supplier's limited stock.

Table of Contents

PRINCIPLES OF GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE Introduction The gas turbine. Gas turbine layouts. Closed cycle gas turbine. Environmental Impact. Engine controls. Performance deterioration. Gas turbine simulators. References. Thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles The first law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics. Entropy. Steady flow energy equation. Pressure - Volume and Temperature - Entropy Diagram. Ideal simple cycle gas turbine. Ideal regenerative gas turbine cycle. Reversibility and efficiency. Effect of irreversibility on the performance of the ideal simple cycle gas turbine. Effect of pressure losses on gas turbine performance. Variation of specific heats. Enthalpy and Entropy. Combustion charts. Heat exchanger performance. The performance of an actual (practical) simple cycle gas turbine. Performance of an actual (practical) regenerative gas turbine cycle. Turbine entry temperature (TET), Stator outlet temperature (SOT). Worked examples. References. Complex gas turbine cycle Intercooled gas turbine cycles. Reheat gas turbine cycle. Intercooled, reheat and regenerative cycles (ICRHR Cycle). Ericsson cycle. Combined cycle gas turbines. Co-generation systems. Hybrid fuel cell - gas turbines system. References. Compressors Axial compressors. Compressor blading. Work done factor. Stage load coefficient. Stage pressure ratio. Overall compressor characteristics. Rotating stall. Compressor surge. Compressor annulus geometry. Compressor off-design operation. References. Axial turbines Turbine blading. Stage load and flow coefficient. Deviation and profile loss. Stage pressure ratio. Overall turbine characteristics. Turbine creep life. Turbine blade cooling. Turbine metal temperature assessment. Effect of cooling technology on thermal efficiency. References. Gas turbine combustion Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Gas turbine combustion system. Combustor cooling. Types of gas turbine combustor. Fuel injection and atomisation. Combustion stability and heat release rate. Combustion pressure loss and efficiency. Formation of pollutants. NOx suppression using water and steam injection. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Dry low emission combustion systems (DLE). Variable geometry combustor. Staged combustion. Rich-Burn, Quick Quench, Lean Burn (RQL) Combustor. Lean Premixed Combustion (LPM Combustion). Catalytic combustion. Impact of engine configuration on DLE combustion systems. Correlations for predicting of NOx, CO and UHC and the calculation of CO2 emissions. References. Off-design performance prediction Component matching and component characteristics. Off-design performance prediction of a single shaft gas turbine. Off-design performance prediction of a two-shaft gas turbine with a free power turbine. Matrix method of solution. Off-design performance prediction of a three shaft gas turbine with a free power turbine. Off-design performance prediction of a two shaft gas turbine. Off-design performance prediction of a three shaft gas turbine. Off-design performance prediction of complex gas turbine cycles. Off design prediction of the two shaft gas turbine using a power turbine and employing intercooled, regenerative and reheat gas turbine. Off-design prediction of a three shaft gas turbine using a power turbine and employing intercooling, regeneration and reheat. Variable geometry (compressors). Variable geometry turbines. References. Behaviour of gas turbines during off-design operation Steady state running line. Displacement of running line (Single and two shaft free power turbine gas turbine). Three shaft gas turbine operating with a free power turbine. Displacement of running line (Three Shaft Gas Turbine). Running line for a two gas turbine. Running lines of complex cycle. Running line, non-dimensional parameters and correcting data to standard conditions. Power turbine curves. Gas power and gas thermal efficiency. Heat rate and specific fuel consumption. References. Gas turbine performance deterioration Compressor fouling. Variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) and variable stator vane (VSV) problems. Hot end damage. Tip rubs and seal damage. Quantifying performance deterioration and diagnosing faults. References. Principles of engine control systems and transient performance PID Loop. Signal selection. Acceleration - Deceleration lines. Control of variable geometry gas turbines. Starting and shutdown. Transient performance. References. PART 2 SIMULATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE Simulating the effects of ambient temperature on engine performance, emissions and turbine life usage - Two-shaft gas turbine operating with a free power turbine Compressor running line. Representation of other non-dimensional parameters. The effects of ambient temperature on engine performance (high power operating case). The effect of reduced power output during the change in ambient temperature. Effects of humidity on gas turbine performance and emissions. Simulating the effect of change in ambient pressure on engine performance The effect of ambient pressure on engine performance (high power case). Effect of ambient pressure changes on engine performance at lower power outputs. Simulating the effects of engine deterioration on engine performance Compressor fouling (high operating power). Compressor fouling (Low operating power). Turbine damage. References. Power augmentation Peak rating. Maximum continuous rating. Power augmentation at very low ambient temperatures. Power augmentation by water injection. Turbine inlet cooling. Power turbine performance. The effect of change in fuel and composition on gas turbine performance and emissions. References. Simulation of engine control system performance Proportional action. Proportional and integral action. Signal selection. Acceleration and deceleration lines. Integral windup. Engine trips. References. PART 3 SIMULATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-SHAFT GAS TURBINE Simulating the effects of ambient temperature on engine performance, emissions and turbine life usage - Single shaft gas turbine Configuration of the single shaft simulator. Effects of ambient temperature on engine performance at high powers (single shaft gas turbine). Effects of ambient temperature on engine performance at low powers (single shaft gas turbine). Effects of ambient temperature on engine performance at high powers (single shaft gas turbine operating with an active variable inlet guide vane). Effects of humidity on gas turbine performance and emissions. Simulating the effect of change in ambient pressure on engine performance Effects of ambient pressure on engine performance at high powers (single shaft gas turbine). Effects of ambient pressure on engine performance at low powers (single shaft gas turbine). Effects of ambient pressure on engine performance at low powers (single shaft gas turbine operating with an active variable inlet guide vane). Simulating the effect of performance deterioration on engine performance (single shaft gas turbine) Compressor fouling (high power operation). Compressor fouling (low power operation). Compressor fouling at low power operation (single shaft gas turbine operating with an active variable inlet guide vane). Turbine damage (hot end damage) at high power outputs. Hot end damage at low power with active VIGV operation. Power augmentation Peak Rating. Power augmentation by increasing VIGV angle. Power augmentation using water injection. Power augmentation at low ambient temperatures. Turbine inlet cooling. Simulation of system control system performance VIGV Control system simulation. VIGV control when the VIGV is active during the normal operating power range. Optimisation of the EGT limit for a single shaft gas turbine with ambient temperature. Simulation exercises using the single shaft gas turbine simulator Effects of ambient temperature and pressure on engine performance. Effects of performance deterioration. Power augmentation. Combined cycle and Co-generation. Engine control systems. Gas turbine emissions. Simulation exercises using the two-shaft gas turbine simulator. Effects of ambient temperature, pressure and humidity on engine performance. Effects of performance deterioration. Power augmentation. Combined cycle and Co-generation. Engine control systems. Gas turbine emissions. Appendix A: Steady flow energy equation and stagnation properties Steady flow energy equation. Stagnation temperatures and pressures. References.

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