Overview

Abdominal tuberculosis represents one of the most challenging forms of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to its diverse clinical manifestations and frequent resemblance to other inflammatory or oncological abdominal disorders. Early and accurate diagnosis is often difficult because routine laboratory tests, radiological imaging, and clinical assessment lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this context, laparoscopy has emerged as a highly valuable diagnostic tool that provides direct visualization of the peritoneum, intestines, lymph nodes, and abdominal organs. Through minimally invasive access, laparoscopy enables clinicians to identify characteristic features such as multiple whitish tubercles, caseous necrosis, dense adhesions, and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Importantly, it offers the possibility of obtaining targeted biopsies from the most suspicious areas, significantly enhancing the accuracy of histopathological and microbiological confirmation.

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