Overview

The Indian subcontinent is undergoing epidemiological transition as non-communicable diseases like coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are fast replacing infections as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. According to International diabetic federation, the incidence of diabetes in 2011 was 366 million and is expected to rise to 552 million by 2030. The number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing in every country. India is already the second ""Diabetes Capital"" of the world3 and by the year 2020, it is projected to have the highest number of individuals suffering from atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease due to diabetes.Thus, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious worldwide public health problem due to its frequency, chronic complications and their associated high cost of treatment. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), formerly non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes; is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose accompanied in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It is characterized by multifactorial pathology that involves insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hypertension.

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