Overview

This book is an historical document presenting the author's doctoral thesis on health and disease in the Pacific Islands, completed in 2001. The study was conducted using a sample from the Solomon Islands in Melanesia and another sample from two burial mounds in Tonga, Polynesia. The primary aim of the study was to assess whether the presence of malaria in Melanesia adversely affected the overall health of these people compared to the Polynesian group, where malaria has always been absent. The Pacific islands are often forgotten when considering global issues of health and subsistence change. However, this region has much to offer with regard to understanding human adaptation to different environments during and after colonisation and the biosocial responses to disease. One of the main drivers for publishing this volume after all this time is an attempt to give this region more of a voice in global discussions of health and disease in prehistory.

Full Product Details

Author:   Hallie Buckley
Publisher:   BAR Publishing
Imprint:   BAR Publishing
Dimensions:   Width: 21.00cm , Height: 1.80cm , Length: 29.70cm
Weight:   1.009kg
ISBN:  

9781407314433

ISBN 10:   1407314432
Pages:   253
Publication Date:   31 March 2016
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements as of 2001 List of Figures List of Tables Preface Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Infectious Disease and the Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific Islands 1.1.1 Settlement of Near Oceania 1.1.2 Malaria and settlement of the Pacific Islands 1.1.3 Settlement of Remote Oceania 1.2 Research Aims and Objectives 1.3 Theoretical Concepts in Skeletal Biology 1.3.1 Disease 1.3.2 Stress 1.3.3 Adaptation 1.3.4 Environment 1.4 Palaeopathology and Differential Diagnosis 1.5 Is There an 'Osteological Paradox'? 1.6 Limitations of the Study of Skeletal Samples 1.7 Thesis Structure 2 The Pacific Context, Infectious Disease and the Skeletal Samples 2.1 The Island Environment 2.1.1 Pacific Island subsistence strategies 2.1.2 Polynesia: Tongan subsistence 2.2 Infectious Diseases of the Pacific Islands 2.2.1 Epidemiological and pathological concepts 2.2.2 Non-specific infections which cause bone changes 2.2.3 Distinctive characteristics of osteomyelitis 2.2.4 Treponemal disease 2.2.5 The pathogenesis of yaws and syphilis 2.2.6 An alternative explanation for the distribution of bone lesions in treponemal disease 2.2.7 Distinctive lesions of treponemal disease which aid in differential diagnosis 2.2.8 Mycobacteria 2.2.9 Distinctive lesionsof leprosy which may aid in differential diagnosis 2.2.10 Diseases which may cause erosive arthropathy of appendicular joints 2.3 The Skeletal Samples 2.3.1 Taumako 2.3.2 Tongatapu 2.3.3 The context of the 'Atele mounds in Tongan prehistory 2.3.4 Previous work on the 'Atele samples 2.4 Conclusions 3 Census of Samples and Mortality Patterns 3.1 Normal Bone Anatomy, Growth and Remodelling Health and Disease in the Prehistoric Pacific Islands 3.2 Age Estimation 3.2.1 Subadult age estimation 3.2.2 Adult age estimation 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Subadult age estimation 3.3.2 Adult age estimation 3.4 Sex Estimation 3.4.1 Theory 3.4.2 Methods 3.4.3 Statistics 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Age at death and sex estimation 3.5.2 Tonga 3.5.3 Fertility 3.5.4 Comparison ofage at death and sex distribution between Taumako and Tonga 3.5.5 Subadults 3.5.6 Adults 3.6 Census Discussion 3.6.1 Adult mortality 3.7 Conclusions 4 Growth Disturbance 4.1 Measures of Growth in Skeletal Samples 4.1.1 Child growth 4.1.2 Adult stature 4.2 Adult Stature 4.3 Stature Results 4.3.1 Comparison with adult stature of other prehistoric Polynesian samples 4.4 Dental Developmental Defects 4.4.1 Methodological issues 4.4.2 Dental defects and weaning 4.4.3 Dental developmental defects in deciduous teeth 4.5 Dental Defects Methods 4.5.1 Deciduous teeth 4.5.2 Permanent teeth 4.5.3 Age at occurrence of LEH 4.6 Results 4.6.1 Taumako 4.6.2 Age at occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia: Taumako 4.6.3 Results Tonga 4.6.4 Results summary 4.6.5 Dental defects 4.6.6 Prenatal stress 4.6.7 Childhood stress 4.7 Conclusions 5 Malaria, Anaemia and Porotic Hyperostosis: A Pacific Island Perspective 5.1 Malaria 5.1.1 Evolutionary origins of human malaria 5.1.2 Malaria in the Pacific: When did it arrive? 5.1.3 Epidemiology and disease 5.1.4 Pregnancy and foetal malaria 5.1.5 Infants and children 5.1.6 Malaria in the Pacific Islands 5.1.7 Epidemiology of malaria in the Pacific Islands 5.1.8 Thalassaemia, malaria, and the Pacific 5.1.9 a-thalassaemia 5.1.10 Hookworm 5.1.11 Iron deficiency anaemia 5.1.12 The aetiology and epidemiology of iron-deficiency anaemia vi C ontents 5.1.13 The dietary model 5.1.14 Is iron-deficiency anaemia a disorder or a defence? 5.1.15 The 'parasite model': a newperspective: Stuart-Macadam, 1992 5.2 The Aetiology of Iron-deficiency Anaemia in the Pacific Islands 5.3 Expected Skeletal Changes in Anaemia 5.3.1 The pathogenesis of skeletal changes in anaemia 5.3.2 Porotic hyperostosis 5.3.3 Growth disturbancesin thalassaemia 5.3.4 Fractures and joint abnormalities 5.3.5 The palaeopathology of thalassaemia 5.3.6 Differential diagnosis of genetic and iron-deficiency anaemia 5.3.7 Metabolic diseases other than iron-deficiency anaemia that may produce skeletal changes in the crania 5.3.8 Methods of recording skeletal lesions associated with anaemia 5.4 Results: Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia 5.4.1 Taumako 5.4.2 Tonga 5.5 Results Summary 5.5.1 Taumako 5.5.2 Tonga 5.5.3 Comparison of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis between Taumako and Tonga 5.6 Conclusions 6 Non-Malarial Infectious Disease 6.1 Methods: Skeletal Pathology 6.1.1 Methods of determining the proportion of individuals with pathology 6.1.2 Methods for recording skeletallesions 6.1.3 Pattern of individual skeletal involvement 6.1.4 Status and severity of individual postcranial lesions 6.1.5 Individual cranial pathology 6.1.6 Methods for analysis of skeletal lesions with the skeletal element as the denominator 6.1.7Methods for consideration of individuals with resorptive lesions of the appendicular joints and lesions of the vertebral column 6.1.8 Methods for analysis of vertebral lesions 6.2 Results: Taumako Skeletal Pathology 6.2.1 Individual analysis 6.2.2 Cr

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Author Information

Associate Professor Hallie R. Buckley is based at the School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand. Associate Professor Buckley's interests focus on the effect of different biosocial environments on the health and disease of prehistoric peoples in the Asia-Pacific region.

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