Overview

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic thyroiditis, is a long-lasting inflammation of the thyroid gland. This disease affects women much more often than men, with about 20 to 30 women affected for every one man. It usually develops in people over 25 years old, especially those between 30 and 40 years old. It's very rare in babies and young children. The exact cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is unknown, but it is an autoimmune disorder. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation. This inflammation can make the thyroid gland larger and affect how it works. Many women aged 30-40 are diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis because more are getting checked before planning pregnancies. Research shows that thyroid hormones are important for successful pregnancies and reducing the risk of miscarriage. Not everyone with Hashimoto's thyroiditis will develop hypothyroidism, which is a condition where the thyroid doesn't make enough hormones. While chronic inflammation is a key feature of Hashimoto's, the thyroid can still function normally in mild cases. As the disease progresses, the thyroid may become less active, leading to hypothyroidism. About 10% of people with Hashimoto's develop obvious hypothyroidism, around 20% have mild symptoms, and the remaining 70% have normal thyroid function.

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