Overview

Th wild species originated n the And Mountains of South America, probably m nl n Peru nd E u d r, nd is th ught t h v b n d m t t d n r -C lumb n M x ; its n m derived fr m the Nahu tl (Azt ) word t m tl. Th t m t was ntr du d t Eur b the Spanish n th early 16th century, nd th S n h and It l n m t h v b n th f r t Eur n to adopt t as a food. In France and n rth rn Eur th t m t w initially grown an rn m nt l l nt and was r g rd d w th u n as a food b u botanists r gn z d t a r l t v of th n u b ll d nn and deadly n ght h d . Ind d, th r t nd l v f the t m t l nt are n u nd nt n th neurotoxin l n n . Th Italians called th tomato pomodoro ( golden apple ), wh h h given rise t ul t n th t the f r t tomatoes kn wn t Europeans were yellow. It has b n ugg t d th t th Fr n h ll d t pomme d' m ur ( l v l ) b u it w thought t h v hr d l properties. S m scholars assert, however, that th tomato was t f r t taken t be a kind f gg l nt, of wh h t is a close r l t v . Th gg l nt w ll d mm d Mours ( apple of th M r ) b u it was a favourite vegetable f th Ar b , and m d r and mm d' m ur may be rru t n f th t name. T m t were ntr du d t N rth Am r fr m Europe. Thomas J ff r n kn wn t have r d th m t Monticello n 1781. The t m t w u d for f d n L u n rl as 1812, but not n the n rth t rn states unt l b ut 1835. It d d n t tt n w d r d ul r t n th Un t d St t unt l the early 20th century. Th l nt now grown mm r ll thr ugh ut the w rld. T m t , Lycopersicum esculentum ( n. S l num lycopersicum and L r n l r um) is n h rb u nnu l n th f m l S l n gr wn f r its d bl fru t. Th l nt n b r t w th h rt t m r v n -l k w th l ng, spreading t m . Th stems r covered n r h r nd th l v are rr ng d r ll . Th t m t l nt r du ll w fl w r , wh h n develop into a cyme of 3-12, nd usually a r und fruit (b rr ) wh h fl h , m th d skinned nd can be red, nk, purple, br wn, r ng r ll w in l r. Th tomato l nt can gr w 0.7-2 m (2.3-6.6 ft) n h ght nd n annual, h rv t d after nl one gr w ng n. Tomato m l b r f rr d t l v l nd r g n t from S uth America. Ph l D r t n And Cult v t n Tomato l nt r generally mu h branched, r d ng 60-180 m (24-72 inches) and m wh t tr l ng when fru t ng, but a f w f rm are compact nd u r ght. L v r m r r l h r , strongly d r u , pinnately compound, nd u t 45 m (18 inches) l ng. The f v - t l d flowers r ll w, 2 m (0.8 n h) r , pendant, and clustered. Fru t are b rr that v r n diameter fr m 1.5 t 7.5 cm (0.6 t 3 n h ) r more. Th r u u ll r d, scarlet, r yellow, though gr n and ur l v r t d exist, nd they v r n h from lm t h r l t oval nd elongate t r- h d. E h fruit nt n at least tw cells f m ll seeds urr und d b j ll l k ul .

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