Overview

Adopting a critical approach and highlighting many of the common research challenges of the field, this text helps students understand how GIS enables the digital representation of Earth's forms, patterns, and processes. Designed for users already familiar with GIS, this concise handbook invites students to think broadly about the assumptions embedded in GIS practice today.

Full Product Details

Author:   Steven A. Roberts (Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University) ,  Colin Robertson (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University)
Publisher:   Oxford University Press, Canada
Imprint:   Oxford University Press, Canada
Dimensions:   Width: 18.00cm , Height: 1.30cm , Length: 22.90cm
Weight:   0.560kg
ISBN:  

9780199003631

ISBN 10:   0199003637
Pages:   392
Publication Date:   06 October 2016
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   To order  
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Table of Contents

Note: each chapter contains equations and problems. * Content designed for advanced users Preface 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Development of GIS: People and Institutions 1.3 Abstracting and Formalizing Geographic Information 1.3.1 Data Models 1.3.2 Algorithms 1.4 What Is Special about Spatial? * 1.4.1 Spatial vs. Geographic - Patterns and Processes 1.4.2 Time and Geographic Information 2. Geographic Data Acquisition 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Remotely Sensed Data 2.2.1 Aerial Photography 2.2.2 Earth Observation Sensors 2.2.3 Properties of Remotely Sensed Imagery 2.2.4 Handling Remotely Sensed Geographic Data in GIS 2.2.5 Radiometric Processing 2.2.6 Geometric Processing 2.2.7 Remote Sensing Data Compression 2.2.8 Selecting Remotely Sensed Imagery 2.3 Global Positioning Systems 2.3.1 History of GPS Technology 2.3.2 How GPS Works 2.3.3 Handling GPS Data in GIS 2.4 Converting Analogue Geographic Information 2.5 Synthesizing Existing Geographic Information * 2.5.1 Metadata and Geographic Information 2.6 Volunteered Geographic Information * 2.7 UAVs and DIY Geography * 3. Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Lumpy Ellipsoidal Earth, Flat Maps and Projections 3.3 Datums 3.4 Datum Transformations 3.4.1 Geocentric Datum Transformations 3.4.2 Ellipsoidal Datum Transformations 3.4.3 Grid-based Transformations 3.5 Map Projections and Spatial Reference Systems 3.5.1 Deformation Characteristics 3.5.2 Projected Surface Characteristics 3.5.3 Map Projections Methods 3.6 Scale and Frames of Reference * 4. Geographic Data Models 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Raster 4.2.1 Basic 4.2.2 Geometry 4.2.3 Attributes 4.2.4 Topology 4.2.5 Assumptions 4.2.6 Geometric Processing 4.3 Vector 4.3.1 Basic 4.3.2 Geometry 4.3.3 Attributes 4.3.4 Topology 4.3.5 Assumptions 4.3.6 Geometric Processing 4.4 Dual Vector 4.5 Other Models 4.6 Transforming Between Representations 4.6.1 Raster to Vector and Back 4.6.2 General Transformations * 4.7 Revisiting Standard Models: Topology, Embedding, and Oriented Matroids 4.7.1 Computer Aided Drawing/Drafting/Design (CAD) 4.7.2 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 4.7.3 Cellular Automata 4.7.4 Oriented Matroids * 5. Geographic Representation and Data Modelling 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Relational Databases and GIS 5.2.1 Emergence of RDBMS in GIS 5.2.2 Entity-Relationship Modelling 5.2.3 Generating Candidate Tables and Database Normalization 5.3 Objects and GIS 5.3.1 Key Concepts in Object Orientation 5.4 Object-Relational Databases 5.5 Database Storage 5.5.1 Data Types 5.6 Database Access and Manipulation 5.6.1 Structured Query Language (SQL) 5.6.2 Procedures, Triggers, and the Like 5.6.3 Spatial Indexing 5.6.4 Geographical Time-Series 5.7 Next-generation Databases for GIS 5.7.1 Document-storage Databases and NoSQL 5.7.2 Crowdsourcing: the Undatabase 6. Geographic Data Editing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Editing Geographic Data Globally 6.2.1 Linear Transformation 6.2.2 Rubbersheeting 6.2.3 Generalization 6.3 Editing Feature Geometry 6.3.1 Detecting Errors 6.3.2 Fuzzy Tolerance and Snapping Features 6.3.3 Complex Geometry: Island Polygons, Donut Holes, and Measures 6.3.4 Multi-user Editing and Version Control Systems 6.4 Map Conflation 7. Error and Uncertainty in Geographic Information 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Samples and Populations: Statistical Inference in Geographical Analysis 7.3 Geographic Patterns as the Outcome of Stochastic Processes 7.4 Spatial Data Error, Uncertainty, and Spatial Data Quality 7.4.1 Vector Positional Accuracy 7.4.2 Raster Positional accuracy 7.4.3 Attribute Accuracy 7.4.4 Completeness 7.5 Error Propagation in Geographic Analysis 7.6 Fuzzy Geography 7.7 Topological Error 8. GeoComputation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Algorithms 8.2.1 Line Segment Intersection 8.2.2 Point in Polygon 8.2.3 Convex Hulls 8.2.4 Voronoi Diagrams 8.2.5 Shortest Path Dijkstra's Algorithm 8.3 Computational Issues 8.3.1 Finite Precision Storage and Overflow Errors and Rounding Errors 8.3.2 Supercomputing 9. Geographic Measures 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Scales of Measurement 9.2.1 Nominal 9.2.2 Ordinal 9.2.3 Interval 9.2.4 Ratio 9.3 Central Tendency and Dispersion (1D and 2D) 9.3.1 Central Tendency 1D 9.3.2 Dispersion 1D 9.3.3 Central Tendency 2D 9.3.4 Dispersion 2D 9.4 [Adv] Measuring Geographical Patterns 9.4.1 Point Patterns 9.4.2 Spatial Autocorrelation 9.4.3 Landscape Metrics 10. Geographic Relationships 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Basic Measures of Geographic Relationships and Forms 10.2.1 Distance 10.2.2 Direction 10.2.3 Adjacency 10.2.4 Interaction 10.2.5 Neighbourhood 10.2.6 Area 10.3 Advanced Measures of Geographic Relationships and Forms * 10.3.1 Shape 10.3.2 Dimension 10.3.3 Connectivity Measures for a Connected Planar Graph 11. Geographic Analysis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Algebra of Analysis 11.2.1 Boolean Algebra 11.2.2 Map Algebra 11.3 Analyzing Geographical Patterns * 11.3.1 Recognizing and Classifying Geographic Patterns 11.3.2 Generating New Patterns from Existing Geographic Patterns 11.3.3 Extracting Optimal Information from Geographic Patterns 12. Emerging Trends in Geographic Information 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Data Acquisition 12.3 Data Modelling 12.4 GIS Data and Society Appendix I. Mathematical Notation and Terminology I.1 Sets I.2 Summation I.3 Vectors and Matrices I.4 Mathematical Expectation Appendix II. Mathematical Graphs II.1 Prim's Algorithm for Finding a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) II.2 Euler's equation. Appendix III. Why (n - 1) and not n in s2? Appendix IV. Details on Information Measure Appendix V. Rotation Transformation V.1 The Basic Result V.2 The Double Angle Formulas V.3 Sine and Cosine Definit Appendix VI. Projections and Transformations VI.1 The Rotational Ellipsoid VI.2 Ellipsoidal Geographic Coordinates References Glossary Index

Reviews

The uniqueness of the book seems to be its more in-depth computational focus, as compared to most introductory GIS texts. . . . To me, the most valuable sections...are the ones marked 'Advanced'. The advanced chapter on Error and Uncertainty is particularly welcome as this topic is often poorly handled in other texts. --Janet E. Mersey, University of Guelph I very much appreciate the proposed appendices; the topics are elements that practitioners return to regularly. Having these reference pages will make looking up such information fast and simple. --Tarmo Remmel, York University

Author Information

Steven A. Roberts is associate professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University and the Director of the Waterloo-Laurier Graduate Program in Geography. Colin Robertson is assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University.

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