Overview

Introducing the first integrated coverage of sedimentary and residual soil engineering Despite its prevalence in under-developed parts of the United States and most tropical and sub-tropical countries, residual soil is often characterized as a mere extension of conventional soil mechanics in many textbooks. Now, with the rapid growth of construction in these regions, it is essential to gain a fuller understanding of residual soils and their properties—one that's based on an integrated approach to the study of residual and sedimentary soils. One text puts this understanding well within reach: Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics for Sedimentary and Residual Soils. The first resource to provide equal treatment of both residual and sedimentary soils and their unique engineering properties, this skill-building guide offers: A concise introduction to basic soil mechanics, stress-strain behavior, testing, and design In-depth coverage that spans the full scope of soil engineering, from bearing capacity and foundation design to the stability of slopes A focus on concepts and principles rather than methods, helping you avoid idealized versions of soil behavior and maintain a design approach that is consistent with real soils of the natural world An abundance of worked problems throughout, demonstrating in some cases that conventional design techniques applicable to sedimentary soils are not valid for residual soils Numerous end-of-chapter exercises supported by an online solutions manual Full chapter-ending references Taken together, Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics for Sedimentary and Residual Soils is a comprehensive, balanced soil engineering sourcebook that will prove indispensable for practitioners and students in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and geology.

Full Product Details

Author:   Laurence D. Wesley
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Dimensions:   Width: 16.50cm , Height: 2.50cm , Length: 24.10cm
Weight:   0.785kg
ISBN:  

9780470376263

ISBN 10:   0470376260
Pages:   464
Publication Date:   11 September 2009
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix 1 SOIL FORMATION, COMPOSITION, AND BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1.1 Weathering Processes, Sedimentary and Residual Soils / 1 1.2 Clay Minerals / 3 1.3 Influence of Topography on Weathering Processes / 5 1.4 Factors Governing the Properties of Sedimentary and Residual Soils / 6 1.5 Remolded, or Destructured, Soils / 10 References / 11 2 BASIC DEFINITIONS AND PHASE RELATIONSHIPS 13 2.1 Components of Soil / 13 2.2 Phase Relationships / 14 2.3 Examples in Use of Phase Relationships / 17 2.4 Measurement of Basic Properties / 22 2.4.1 Bulk Density / 22 2.4.2 Water Content / 22 2.4.3 Solid Density and Specific Gravity / 22 Exercises / 24 3 BASIC INDEX TESTS, SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION 27 3.1 General / 27 3.1.1 Gravel and Sand / 27 3.1.2 Clay / 28 3.1.3 Silt / 28 3.2 Particle Size and Its Role in Influencing Properties / 28 3.2.1 Measurement of Particle Size / 29 3.3 Plasticity and Atterberg Limits / 31 3.3.1 Determination of Atterberg Limits / 31 3.4 Liquidity Index of Clay and Relative Density of Sand / 35 3.5 Sensitivity, Thixotropy, and Activity of Clays / 36 3.6 Systematic Classification Systems / 37 3.6.1 Unified Soil Classification System / 38 3.6.2 Additional Notes Regarding Classification / 40 3.6.3 Description of In situ (Undisturbed) Characteristics of Soil / 42 3.7 Classification of Residual Soils / 44 3.7.1 Parent Rock / 45 3.7.2 Usefulness of Existing Systems / 45 3.7.3 Classification of Weathering Profile / 46 3.7.4 Importance of Mineralogy and Structure / 47 References / 48 4 STRESS AND PORE PRESSURE STATE IN THE GROUND 49 4.1 Vertical Stress in the Ground / 49 4.2 Pore Pressures above Water Table and Seasonal Variations / 50 4.2.1 Case A: Coarse-Grained Soils / 52 4.2.2 Case B: Low-Permeability Clays / 53 4.2.3 Case C: Medium- to High-Permeability Clays / 53 4.3 Hill Slopes, Seepage, and Pore Pressures / 55 4.4 Significance of the Water Table (or Phreatic Surface) / 56 4.5 Horizontal Stress in Ground / 57 4.6 Worked Examples / 60 4.6.1 Worked Example 1 / 60 4.6.2 Worked Example 2 / 62 References / 64 Exercises / 64 5 STRESSES IN THE GROUND FROM APPLIED LOADS 67 5.1 General / 67 5.2 Elastic Theory Solutions for Stresses Beneath Loaded Areas / 68 References / 74 Exercises / 75 6 PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE STRESS 77 6.1 The Basic Principle / 77 6.2 Applied Stresses, Drained and Undrained Behavior / 80 6.3 Pore Pressure Changes Under Undrained Conditions / 81 6.4 Some Practical Implications of the Principle of Effective Stress / 83 6.4.1 Stress State on Soil Element Below Submerged Surface (Bed of Lake or Seabed) / 83 6.4.2 Force Resisting Sliding of Concrete Gravity Dam / 84 6.4.3 Influence of Rainfall on Slope Stability / 85 6.4.4 Ground Settlement Caused By Lowering Water Table / 86 References / 87 7 PERMEABILITY AND SEEPAGE 89 7.1 General / 89 7.2 Pressure, “Head,” and Total Head / 90 7.3 Darcy’s Law / 92 7.3.1 Notes on Darcy’s Law / 92 7.3.2 Note on Seepage Velocity / 92 7.4 Measurement of Permeability / 93 7.5 General Expression for Seepage in a Soil Mass / 95 7.6 Steady-State Flow, Laplace Equation, and Flow Nets / 97 7.6.1 Flow nets—Conventions Used in Their Construction / 99 7.6.2 Boundary Conditions for Flow Nets / 100 7.6.3 Methods for Solution of Flow Nets / 101 7.6.4 Basic Requirements of Flow Net and Rules for Hand Sketching Flow Nets / 102 7.6.5 Use of Flow Nets for Practical Purposes / 103 7.7 Critical Hydraulic Gradient (and “Quicksand”) / 104 7.7.1 Quicksand / 106 7.7.2 Worked Example / 106 7.8 Unconfined Flow Nets and Approximations in Conventional Formulation / 108 7.9 Use of Filters in Designed Structures / 109 7.10 Vertical Flow Through Single Layers and Multilayers / 111 7.11 Note on Groundwater Studies and Groundwater Mechanics / 113 7.12 Flow into Excavations, Drains, and Wells / 115 References / 117 Exercises / 117 8 COMPRESSIBILITY, CONSOLIDATION, AND SETTLEMENT 121 8.1 General Concepts / 121 8.2 Estimation of Settlement Using Elasticity Theory / 122 8.2.1 Drained and Undrained Behavior / 123 8.2.2 Limitations of Elasticity Theory / 124 8.3 Estimation of Settlement Assuming 1-D Behavior / 124 8.4 Immediate (“Elastic”) Settlement and Long-Term (Consolidation) Settlement / 126 8.4.1 Immediate and Consolidation Settlement in Sands / 126 8.4.2 Immediate and Consolidation Settlement in Clays / 126 8.5 Consolidation Behavior of Clays (and Silts) / 129 8.5.1 Odometer Test / 129 8.5.2 Consolidation Characteristics—Magnitude / 130 8.5.3 Consolidation Behavior–Time Rate / 142 8.6 Estimation of Settlement from Odometer Test Results / 154 8.6.1 Settlement of a Building Foundation / 154 8.6.2 Settlement of Fill on Soft Clay / 160 8.7 Approximations and Uncertainties in Settlement Estimates Based on Odometer Tests / 165 8.7.1 Interpretation of Void Ratio–Stress Curves and Sample Disturbance / 165 8.7.2 Assumptions Regarding Pore Pressure State / 167 8.7.3 Lateral Deformation / 168 8.7.4 Submergence of Fill Loads / 168 8.7.5 Use of Terzaghi Theory of Consolidation for Nonlinear Soils / 168 8.7.6 Influence of Inadequate Data on Actual Soil Conditions / 169 8.8 Allowable Settlement / 170 8.8.1 Total (or Absolute) Settlement / 170 8.8.2 Relative Movement between Structure and Surrounding Ground / 170 8.8.3 Differential Settlement of Buildings / 170 8.9 Radial Flow and Sand (or “Wick”) Drains / 172 8.9.1 Theory for Design of Sand and Wick Drains / 173 8.10 Settlement of Foundations on Sand / 174 8.10.1 Schmertman Method Using Static Cone Penetrometer Results / 175 8.10.2 Burland and Burbidge Method / 176 8.10.3 Worked Example / 178 References / 181 Exercises / 182 9 SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOILS 185 9.1 Basic Concepts and Principles / 185 9.1.1 General Expression for Shear Strength / 186 9.1.2 Undrained Shear Strength (su ) / 187 9.1.3 Relationship between Strength in Terms of Effective Stress and Undrained Strength / 187 9.2 Measurement of Shear Strength / 190 9.2.1 Direct Shear Test (or Shear Box Test) / 190 9.2.2 Triaxial Test / 191 9.2.3 Mohr’s Circle of Stress / 193 9.2.4 Use of Mohr’s Circle for Plotting Triaxial Test Results / 195 9.2.5 Soil Behavior in Consolidated Undrained and Drained Tests / 197 9.2.6 Area Correction in Triaxial Tests / 199 9.2.7 Failure Criteria in Terms of Principal Stresses / 200 9.2.8 Determination of Angle of Failure Plane / 201 9.2.9 Worked Example / 201 9.3 Practical Use of Undrained Strength and Effective Strength Parameters / 203 9.4 Shear Strength and Deformation Behavior of Sand / 204 9.5 Residual Strength of Clays / 206 9.5.1 Measurement of Residual Strength / 208 9.6 Stress Path Concept / 209 9.7 Pore Pressure Parameters A and B / 211 9.8 Shear Strength and Deformation Behavior of Clay / 212 9.8.1 Behavior of Fully Remolded Clay / 212 9.8.2 Behavior of Undisturbed Sedimentary Clays / 214 9.8.3 Behavior of Residual Soils / 221 9.8.4 Failure Criterion and Determination of c_ and φ from Consolidated Undrained Tests / 224 9.9 Typical Values of Effective Strength Parameters for Clays and Silts and Correlations with Other Properties / 225 9.10 Undrained Strength of Undisturbed and Remolded Soils / 228 9.10.1 Sedimentary Clays / 228 9.10.2 Remolded Soils / 230 9.10.3 Residual Soils / 231 9.11 Measurement of Undrained Shear Strength / 232 9.11.1 Unconfined Compression test / 232 9.11.2 Vane Test / 232 References / 232 Exercises / 233 10 SITE INVESTIGATIONS, FIELD TESTING, AND PARAMTER CORRELATIONS 235 10.1 Overview / 235 10.2 Drilling / 235 10.2.1 Hand Auguring / 236 10.2.2 Machine Drilling / 236 10.2.3 Continuous Coring with Single-Tube Core Barrel (Also Known as Open Barrel) / 238 10.2.4 Rotary Drilling Using Core Barrels / 238 10.2.5 Wash Drilling / 239 10.2.6 Percussion Boring / 239 10.3 Undisturbed Sampling Using Sample Tubes / 239 10.4 Block Sampling / 241 10.5 Investigation Pits (or Test Pits) / 242 10.6 In Situ Testing / 242 10.6.1 Limitations of Drilling and Undisturbed Sampling / 242 10.6.2 Standard Penetration Test (Dynamic Test) / 243 10.6.3 Dutch Static Cone Penetration Test CPT / 246 10.6.4 Shear Vane Test / 249 10.7 Correlations between In Situ Test Results and Soil Properties / 250 10.7.1 SPT N Values and CPT Values / 250 10.7.2 Undrained Shear Strength of Clay / 251 10.7.3 Relative Density of Sand / 252 10.7.4 Stiffness Modulus of Sand / 253 References / 254 11 STABILITY CONCEPTS AND FAILURE MECHANISMS 257 11.1 Basic Concepts / 257 11.2 Stability of Slopes / 259 11.3 Bearing Capacity / 261 11.4 Retaining Walls / 262 11.5 Further Observations / 264 11.5.1 Safety Factors, Load Factors, and Strength Reduction Factors / 264 11.5.2 Questions of Deformation Versus Stability / 264 References / 265 12 BEARING CAPACITY AND FOUNDATION DESIGN 267 12.1 Bearing Capacity / 267 12.1.1 Bearing Capacity in Terms of Effective Stress / 270 12.1.2 Bearing Capacity in Terms of Total Stress (Undrained Behavior) / 270 12.1.3 Eccentric and Inclined Loads / 270 12.2 Shallow Foundations on Clay / 272 12.2.1 Use of Undrained Shear Strength / 272 12.2.2 Application of Factor of Safety / 272 12.2.3 Bearing Capacity Versus Settlement Tolerance in Design of Foundations / 273 12.2.4 Worked Examples / 274 12.3 Shallow Foundations on Sand / 276 12.3.1 Use of Bearing Capacity Theory / 276 12.3.2 Empirical Methods for Foundations on Sand / 277 12.4 Pile Foundations / 278 12.4.1 Basic Concepts and Pile Types / 278 12.4.2 Pile-Bearing Capacity—Basic Formula and Methods of Estimation / 281 12.4.3 Bearing Capacity of Piles in Clay / 282 12.4.4 Bearing Capacity of Piles in Sand / 285 12.4.5 Pile Group Behavior / 286 12.4.6 Lateral Load Capacity of Piles / 289 References / 303 Exercises / 304 13 EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING WALLS 307 13.1 Coulomb Wedge Analysis / 307 13.2 At-Rest Pressure, Active Pressure, Passive Pressure, and Associated Deformations / 312 13.3 Rankine Earth Pressures / 312 13.4 Influence of Wall Friction / 316 13.5 Earth Pressure Coefficients / 316 13.6 Total Stress Analysis / 317 13.7 Maximum Height of Unsupported Vertical Banks or Cuts / 317 13.8 Construction Factors Influencing Earth Pressures on Retaining Walls / 319 13.9 Propped (Strutted) Trenches / 321 13.10 Retaining-Wall Design Example / 322 13.11 Sheet Pile (and Similar) Retaining Walls / 329 13.11.1 FreeStanding and Propped Cantilever Walls / 329 13.12 Reinforced-Earth Walls / 337 13.12.1 Concept and General Behavior / 337 13.12.2 Reinforcement Types / 338 13.12.3 Basic Design Procedures / 339 13.12.4 Other Matters / 349 References / 351 Exercises / 351 14 STABILITY OF SLOPES 355 14.1 Introduction / 355 14.2 Analysis Using Circular Arc Failure Surfaces / 357 14.2.1 Circular Arc Analysis Using Total Stresses / 359 14.2.2 Circular Arc Analysis in Terms of Effective Stresses / 360 14.2.3 Example Calculation Using Bishop Method / 362 14.2.4 Bishop’s Method for Submerged Slopes / 363 14.3 Stability Analysis of Infinite Slopes / 366 14.4 Short- and Long-Term Stability of Built Slopes / 368 14.4.1 Excavated Slopes / 369 14.4.2 Embankments on Soft Clays / 371 14.5 Stability Analysis for Earth Dams / 377 14.5.1 Estimation of Pore-Water Pressures During or at End of Construction / 377 14.5.2 Full-Reservoir Steady-State Seepage Condition / 379 14.5.3 Rapid Drawdown Pore Pressures / 380 14.6 Influence of Climate and Weather on Stability of Slopes / 381 14.7 Stability Analysis Using Noncircular Failure Surfaces / 385 References / 387 Exercises / 387 15 SOIL COMPACTION 391 15.1 Earthworks and Soil Compaction / 391 15.2 Compaction Behavior of Soils / 391 15.3 Control of Compaction / 397 15.3.1 Traditional Method of Compaction Control / 397 15.3.2 Alternative Compaction Control Based on Undrained Shear Strength and Air Voids / 397 15.4 Difficulties in Compacting Clays / 401 15.4.1 Soils Considerably Wetter Than Optimum Water Content / 401 15.4.2 Soils That Soften During Compaction / 401 15.5 Compaction of Granular and Non-Plastic Materials / 402 References / 404 16 SPECIAL SOIL TYPES 405 16.1 General Comments / 405 16.2 Partially Saturated Soils / 406 16.2.1 Occurrence / 406 16.2.2 Measurements of Degree of Saturation / 407 16.2.3 Mechanics of Partially Saturated Soils / 408 16.3 Expansive or Swelling Clays / 415 16.3.1 Basic Concepts of Expansive Behavior / 415 16.3.2 Estimation of Swelling Pressure and Swell Magnitude / 416 16.3.3 Estimation of Swell Magnitude / 420 16.4 Collapsing Soils / 421 References / 424 INDEX 425

Reviews

Moreover, the inclusion of theory, measurement techniques and exercises at the end of each chapter provides a comprehensive teaching resource. For a soil scientist beginning to learn about soil mechanics, this textbook would be a very good choice. ( European Journal of Soil Science , 1 August 2010) Designed for practitioners and students in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and geology, his text is the first to provide an equal and integrated coverage of sedimentary and residual soils and their unique engineering properties. ( Book News , December 2009)

Designed for practitioners and students in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and geology, his text is the first to provide an equal and integrated coverage of sedimentary and residual soils and their unique engineering properties. (Book News, December 2009)

Designed for practitioners and students in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and geology, his text is the first to provide an equal and integrated coverage of sedimentary and residual soils and their unique engineering properties. ( Book News , December 2009)

Author Information

LAURENCE D. WESLEY has worked as a practicing geotechnical engineer for over thirty years, and his professional experience encompasses projects in New Zealand, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Bahrain. A member of American Society of Civil Engineers, he is a recently retired senior lecturer in geotechnical engineering at the University of Auckland.

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