Overview

Authoritative and generously illustrated resource covering the many properties of soil and its behavior needed for addressing geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering projects and problems. The Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior has been thoroughly updated to provide the latest information on the physical properties of soil and the fundamentals of its behavior, with hundreds of tables and graphs illustrating correlations among composition, classification, state, and static and dynamic properties. Overall, each topic is addressed in a micro-to-macro sequence, considering behaviors at the atomic and/or particle scales to develop understanding of soil properties and behaviors at the macro-scale, which is relevant to engineering practice. This Fourth Edition includes two new chapters on special features of soil behavior and temperature-dependent soil behavior. Other chapters have been substantially updated to include the latest developments in imaging technology, and analysis numerical simulations that have advanced research on the complexities of soil behavior, and recent experimental data. The content has been reviewed, consolidated, and reorganized to more effectively comunicate key information. The text features end-of-chapter questions and problems to aid in seamless reader comprehension and information retention. Updated by true thought leaders in the field, the Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior includes detailed information on: Soil formation, covering the earth’s crust, the geologic cycle, rock and mineral stability, weathering, and origin of clay minerals and genesis. Soil mineralogy, covering atomic structure, interatomic bonding, secondary bonds, crystal notation, and clay mineral characteristics. Fundamental engineering characterization of soil, covering granular soils and clay minerals. Observing and quantifying soil fabric, covering qualitative and quantitative assessment of soil fabric. Transport of heat, fluid, and electrical current. The fundamentals of volume change, deformation, and strength properties of soils. The impact of time and temperature changes on soil behavior. Providing an understanding of soil behavior, a fundamental requisite to a wide variety of engineering applications including foundation design and construction, earthwork construction, and geotechnical engineering, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior is an essential learning resource for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and students studying geotechnical engineering and granular materials.

Full Product Details

Author:   James K. Mitchell (University of California, Berkeley) ,  Kenichi Soga (University of California, Berkeley) ,  Catherine O'Sullivan (Imperial College London)
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Edition:   4th edition
Dimensions:   Width: 22.40cm , Height: 4.30cm , Length: 27.90cm
Weight:   1.565kg
ISBN:  

9781119832317

ISBN 10:   1119832314
Pages:   688
Publication Date:   31 July 2025
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Preface xiii List of Symbols xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Soil Behavior in Civil and Environmental Engineering 1 1.2 Scope and Organization 3 1.3 Getting Started 3 Part I Soil Formation, Composition, Characterization 5 CHAPTER 2 SOIL FORMATION 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 The Earth's Crust 7 2.3 Geologic Cycle and Geological Time 8 2.4 Rock and Mineral Stability 9 2.5 Weathering 10 2.6 Origin of Clay Minerals and Clay Genesis 16 2.7 Residual Soils 17 2.8 Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition 20 2.9 Terrestrial Deposits 25 2.10 Mixed Continental and Marine Deposits 27 2.11 Marine Deposits 28 2.12 Chemical and Biological Deposits 31 2.13 Hard Soils and Soft Rocks 32 2.14 Fills 33 2.15 Tailings 33 2.16 Post-Depositional Changes in Sediments 34 2.17 Structure Development 39 2.18 Soil Profiles and Taxonomy 44 2.19 Concluding Comments 47 CHAPTER 3 SOIL MINEROLOGY 49 3.1 Importance of Soil Mineralogy in Geotechnical Engineering 49 3.2 Atomic Structure 50 3.3 Interatomic Bonding 51 3.4 Secondary Bonds 51 3.5 Crystals and their Properties 52 3.6 Factors Controlling Crystal Structures 55 3.7 Silicate Crystals 56 3.8 Surfaces 58 3.9 Nonclay Mineral Particles 59 3.10 Structural Units of Clay Minerals 60 3.11 Synthesis Pattern and Classification of the Clay Minerals 65 3.12 Intersheet and Interlayer Bonding in the Clay Minerals 66 3.13 The 1:1 Minerals 67 3.14 Smectite Minerals 70 3.15 Micalike Clay Minerals 73 3.16 Other Clay Minerals 74 3.17 Determination of Soil Composition 76 3.18 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 79 3.19 Microscopy 82 3.20 Other Methods for Compositional Analysis 85 3.21 Quantitative Estimation of Soil Components 86 3.22 Concluding Comments 87 CHAPTER 4 SOIL-WATER-CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS 89 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Nature of Ice and Water 90 4.3 Influence of Dissolved Ions on Water Structure 91 4.4 Mechanisms for Soil-Water Interaction 92 4.5 Observations and Evidence of Structure and Properties of Adsorbed Water 96 4.6 Clays as Colloidal Particles 100 4.7 Elements of Double-Layer Theory 100 4.8 Electrostatic Forces from the DLVO Theory 105 4.9 Influences of System Variables on the Double Layer 106 4.10 Long-Range Attraction: Van Der Waals Forces 107 4.11 Net Energy of Interaction: Combining Electrostatic and Van Der Waals Forces 108 4.12 Limitations of the DLVO Layer Model 110 4.13 Clay Particle Interactions Deduced from Molecular Simulations 114 4.14 Cation Exchange--General Considerations 116 4.15 Theories for Ion Exchange 117 4.16 Soil-Chemical Interactions 118 4.17 Concluding Comments 119 CHAPTER 5 FUNDAMENTAL ENGINEERING CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Particle Size Distribution in Granular Soils 126 5.3 Morphological Characterization of Granular Soils 130 5.4 Texture of Granular Soils 135 5.5 Interparticle Friction 137 5.6 Sand Particle Stiffness 146 5.7 Sand Particle Strength 148 5.8 Packing Density of Granular Soils and the Limits 152 5.9 Particle Sizes of Clays and Influences of Exchangeable Cations and pH 155 5.10 Atterberg Limits and Activity of Clays 157 5.11 Dominating Influence of the Clay Phase 161 5.12 Mixed Soils 162 5.13 Effects of Organic Matter 165 5.14 Concluding Comments 165 CHAPTER 6 SOIL FABRIC AND ITS MEASUREMENT 169 6.1 Introduction 169 6.2 Preparing Samples for Direct Observation of Fabric 171 6.3 Direct Observation of Soil Fabric 174 6.4 Image Processing and Analysis 185 6.5 Use of Particulate Mechanics and Numerical Modelling to Study Fabric 190 6.6 Qualitative Assessment of Fabric 191 6.7 Quantitative Assessment of Fabric 198 6.8 Void Fabric of Cohesionless Soils 207 6.9 Concluding Comments 208 Part II Engineering Properties and Behavior 211 CHAPTER 7 EFFECTIVE, INTERGRANULAR, AND TOTAL STRESS 213 7.1 Introduction 213 7.2 Principle of Effective Stress 213 7.3 Force Distributions in a Particulate System 214 7.4 Interparticle Forces in Silt, Sand, and Gravel-Sized Particles 216 7.5 Interparticle Forces in Clay-Sized Particles 225 7.6 Relating Interparticle Forces and Macroscale Stress 228 7.7 Total Potentials and Heads 231 7.8 Water Pressures 232 7.9 Assessment of Intergranular Stress 234 7.10 Assessment of Terzaghi's Effective Stress 236 7.11 Effective Stress in Unsaturated Soils 239 7.12 Concluding Comments 241 CHAPTER 8 CONDUCTION PHENOMENA 243 8.1 Introduction 243 8.2 Flow Laws and Interrelationships 243 8.3 Hydraulic Conductivity 245 8.4 Flows Through Unsaturated Soils 260 8.5 Thermal Conductivity 266 8.6 Electrical Conductivity 269 8.7 Diffusion 274 8.8 Simultaneous Flows of Water, Current, and Salts Through Soil-Coupled Flows 276 8.9 Quantification of Coupled Flows 279 8.10 Electrokinetic Phenomena 284 8.11 Transport Coefficients and the Importance of Coupled Flows 285 8.12 Compatibility--Effects of Chemical Flows on Properties 289 8.13 Electroosmosis 291 8.14 Electroosmosis Efficiency 293 8.15 Consolidation by Electroosmosis 296 8.16 Electrochemical Effects 301 8.17 Electrokinetic Remediation 303 8.18 Self-Potentials 303 8.19 Concluding Comments 305 CHAPTER 9 VOLUME CHANGE BEHAVIOR 307 9.1 Introduction 307 9.2 Factors Controlling Resistance to Volume Change 308 9.3 Fundamental Concepts in Volume Change Behavior of Fine-Grained Soils 310 9.4 Consolidation 318 9.5 Secondary Compression 322 9.6 Evolution of Fabric During Compression 324 9.7 Influence of Structure on Compression Behavior 325 9.8 The Stresses in One-Dimensional Consolidation 327 9.9 Volume Change Behavior Under Constant Stress Ratio Conditions 333 9.10 Swelling and Shrinkage of Fine-Grained Soils 334 9.11 Fundamental Concepts in Volume Change Behavior of Coarse-Grained Soils 336 9.12 Particle Deformations and Breakage During Volume Change 339 9.13 Collapsing Soils 343 9.14 Influences of Mineralogical Detail in Soil Expansion 345 9.15 Osmotic Pressure and Water Adsorption Influences on Compression and Swelling 348 9.16 Summary 353 9.17 Concluding Comments 354 CHAPTER 10 LOAD-DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR AND STRENGTH 357 10.1 Introduction 357 10.2 General Characteristics of Strength and Deformation 358 10.3 Critical State: A Useful Reference Condition 369 10.4 State Variables to Express the Void Ratio and Confining Pressure Dependency 378 10.5 Effective Strength of Sands 380 10.6 Effective Strength of Clays 385 10.7 Undrained Strength of Clays 388 10.8 Undrained Strength of Sands 392 10.9 True Cohesion 397 10.10 Prefailure Deformation of Soil 399 10.11 Linear Elastic Stiffness 402 10.12 Transition from Elastic to Plastic States 410 10.13 Evolution of Fabric During Soil Deformation 419 10.14 Influence of Fabric and Structure on Deformation and Strength 425 10.15 Intermediate Stress Effects and Stress Anisotropy 436 10.16 Concluding Comments 441 CHAPTER 11 SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF SOIL BEHAVIOR 445 11.1 Introduction 445 11.2 Sensitivity and Its Causes 445 11.3 Property Interrelationships in Sensitive Clays 456 11.4 Behavior After Peak and Strain Localization 461 11.5 Residual State and Residual Strength 465 11.6 Undrained Cyclic Loading and Liquefaction 469 11.7 Response to Drained Cyclic Loading 480 11.8 Engineering Behavior of Mixed Soils 482 11.9 Elastic Wave Propagation 484 11.10 Fracturing of Soils 487 11.11 Dispersive Clays 491 11.12 Internal Erosion 493 11.13 Slaking 495 11.14 Concluding Comments 495 CHAPTER 12 THERMAL EFFECTS ON SOIL BEHAVIOR 497 12.1 Introduction 497 12.2 Variations of Thermal Properties of Soil With State and Environmental Conditions 499 12.3 Heat Transfer in Individual Particles and at Particle Contacts 503 12.4 Temperature Effect on Volumetric Behavior 505 12.5 Theoretical Analysis of Drained Conditions 510 12.6 Thermal Pressurization in Undrained Conditions 513 12.7 Theoretical Analysis of Undrained Conditions--Thermal Pressurization 515 12.8 Temperature Effect on Mechanical Characteristics 517 12.9 Unsaturated Soil 523 12.10 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling 524 12.11 Thermally Driven Moisture Flow 525 12.12 An Introduction to Ground Freezing 526 12.13 Ground-Freezing Processes 529 12.14 Frost Heave and Ice Lens Formation 535 12.15 Mechanical Behavior of Frozen Soil 538 12.16 Concluding Comments 543 CHAPTER 13 TIME EFFECTS ON STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION 545 13.1 Introduction 545 13.2 General Characteristics 546 13.3 Fundamental Mechanisms of Time-Dependant Behavior: Rate Process Theory 553 13.4 Bonding, Effective Stresses, and Strength 557 13.5 Shearing Resistance as a Rate Process 562 13.6 Interpreting Soil Behavior Using Rate Process Theory 562 13.7 Rate Effects on Stress-Strain Relationships of Clay 565 13.8 Rate Effects on Stress-Strain Relationships of Sand 570 13.9 Rate Effects on Stiffness and Cyclic Response 572 13.10 Creep 574 13.11 Creep Rupture 586 13.12 Stress Relaxation 592 13.13 Aging 592 13.14 Mechanisms for Soil Property Changes During Sand Aging 599 13.15 Inertia Effects and Rapid Flows 603 13.16 Concluding Comments 604 Questions and Problems 604 References 607 Index 651

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Author Information

James K. Mitchell, ScD, Dist.M.ASCE, NAE, NAS (1930-2023) was Emeritus Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and Emeritus University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Kenichi Soga, PHD, NAE, FREng, FASCE, FICE is Donald H. McLaughlin Chair in Mineral Engineering and Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Catherine O'Sullivan, PHD, FIEI, FICE is Professor of Particulate Soil Mechanics in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Imperial College London.

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