Overview

Few public policy issues have stirred political passions on both sides of the Canada/US border as free trade did in the late 1980s. Negotiated between Canada and the United States in 1987, the Free Trade Agreement became the dominant issue in the November 1988 Canadian federal election, perhaps the most dramatic and divisive campaign in the second half of the 20th century. Ten years after implementation of the agreement, the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada organized a major conference to renew the discussion of free trade and consider its economic impact. It also marked the 5th anniversary of the North American Free Trade Agreement by expanding the discussion to include the impact of NAFTA on Mexico, as well as the NAFTA side agreement on the environment. ""Free Trade"" provides an historical framework for ongoing discussion of economic and environmental issues. While there is empirical evidence on trade flows - they increased dramatically in both directions - the debate on related issues continues. The impact of free trade on jobs and manufacturing productivity, the effectiveness of dispute settlement, the growth of foreign direct investment, the absence of adjustment programmes, and the consequences for social programmes are all issues for spirited discussion.

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CA Desmond Morton is founding director of the Institute for the Study of Canada, McGill University, and one of Canada's leading historians.

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