Overview

"Underpinning may be defined as ""the process of providing new, permanent support beneath a structure without the need to remove it, often so as to increase the capacity of the structure"". Remedial underpinning is the ""process"", applied to structures that, through some inadequacy in their support, have suffered damage and distortion. In the space of only about 15 years, remedial underpinning has grown from a small-scale activity to an industry annually valued at over #80 million. Every year, underpinning will disrupt as many as 14,000 homes in the United Kingdom. In order to review current underpinning practice the Building Research Establishment (BRE) appointed consultant civil and structural engineers Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick and Partners. The consultants carried out the review by means of questionnaires and interviews of all the various parties that specify, design, construct, regulate, and fund underpinning. The objective was to produce guidance on: why underpinning has become so widespread; how to determine that a foundation problem exists and what was the need for underpinning; how to recognize the circumstances in which underpinning is or is not appropriate; how to conduct a site investigation for underpinning; what is the scope and depth of underpinning; and how to choose the type of underpinning to adopt. This report presents the findings of the review and discusses technical and non-technical issues that influence decisions on the need for, and manner of, remedial underpinning."

Full Product Details

Author:   R. Hunt ,  D. H. Dyer ,  R. Driscoll ,  R. Driscoll
Publisher:   IHS BRE Press
Imprint:   IHS BRE Press
Volume:   184
Weight:   0.254kg
ISBN:  

9780851254593

ISBN 10:   0851254594
Pages:   44
Publication Date:   01 January 1991
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Part 1 Introduction: background; the survey; growth in remedial underpinning; necessity for remedial underpinning; types of building requiring underpinning; distribution of underpinning in the United Kingdom; the cost of remedial underpinning; guarantees; partial underpinning; approval of underpinning designs. Part 2 Causes of damage: introduction; causes of structural damage unrelated to foundations and subsoils - thermal effects, creep, moisture movements, loading on structural members, physical and chemical changes, vibration, poor detail design, poor workmanship and materials, modern materials, techniques and designs; causes of structural damage related to foundations and subsoils - foundation settlement, foundation subsidence, foundation heave, instability of sloping ground, chemical effects, frost heave, floor slab movements. Part 3 Determining the significance of damage: initial assessment; assessing the severity of cracking and damage; identifying type of movement from crack and deformation surveys - general, tapered cracks, inclined cracks, vertical cracks, horizontal cracks, sloping lintels, bulges, separation of walls, out-of-plumb walls, floor slopes, movement of brickwork at dpc level, overall movement; diagnosis of cause of movement and damage; significance of damage. Part 4 Progressive foundation movements: general; site investigation to establish cause; monitoring; assessing the likelihood of progressive foundation movement in relation to cause - settlement, subsidence, heave, instability of sloping ground, chemical attack. Part 5 Site investigations to establish cause of damage and to design underpinning: general; current practice; desk studies; walk-over survey; investigation of existing foundations; ground investigation. Part 6 Arresting progressive foundation movement: general; removal of trees causing subsidence; structural measures; soil stabilization; ground freezing; underpinning; alternatives to arresting movement; reinstatement of damage. Part 7 Remedial underpinning techniques: general; mass concrete underpinning - principle, applications, design, specification, construction and supervision, example of the use of mass concrete underpinning; beam-and-pier underpinning - principle, applications, design, specification, construction and supervision, example of the use of beam-and-pier underpinning; beam-and-pile underpinning - principle, applications, design, specification, construction and supervision, example of the use of beam-and-pile underpinning; underpinning with piles - principle, applications, design, specification, construction and supervision, example of the use of pile underpinning; pali radice (root piles) underpinning; usage of each method; failed underpinning.

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Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick and Partners, UK; BRE, UK

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