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Author:   D. H. R. Barton ,  J. E. Courtois ,  L. Crombie ,  M. Elliot
Publisher:   Springer Verlag GmbH
Imprint:   Springer Verlag GmbH
Volume:   v.19
Weight:   1.060kg
ISBN:  

9783211805770

ISBN 10:   321180577
Pages:   428
Publication Date:   January 1961
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.
Language:   English, German & French

Table of Contents

Medium-ring Terpenes.- I. Introduction.- II. Terpenes Containing a Nine-Membered Carbon Ring.- 1. Caryophyllene.- 2. The Betulenols.- III. Terpenes Containing an Eleven-Membered Carbon Ring.- Humulene and Zerumbone.- IV. Terpenes Containing a Ten-Membered Carbon Ring.- 1. Germacrone.- 2. Lactones.- Pyrethrosin.- Arctiopicrin.- Costunolide.- Bal-chanolide.- Isobalchanolide.- Hydroxybalchanolide.- Acetylbalchanolide.- Cnicin.- Parthenolide.- Aristo-lactone.- Biogenetic Relationships.- V. Some Spectral Anomalies in Medium-ring Terpenes.- References.- Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Azulenes and Natural Hydro-azulenes.- I. Introduction.- II. Azulenes.- 1. Synthetic Methods.- a) Syntheses with Dehydrogenation.- b) Syntheses without Dehydrogenation.- c) Syntheses Starting from Troponoids and Heptafulvenes.- 2. Physical Properties.- 3. Chemical Properties.- a) Electrophilic Substitutions.- b) Free Radical Reactions.- c) Nucleophilic Substitutions.- d) Arylideneazulenium Salts and Related Compounds.- e) Formyl- and Some Other Acylazulenes.- f) Mannich Base.- g) Amino- and Hydroxyazulenes.- h) Ring Formation on the Azulene Nucleus.- III. Naturally Occurring Hydroazulenes.- 1. Non-lactonic Hydroazulenes.- a) Guaiol and Bulnesol.- b) Aromadendrene and Alloaromadendrene.- c) Globulol, Ledol and Viridiflorol.- d) Palustrol.- e) ?-Gurjunene.- f) Cyclocolorenone.- g) Zierone.- h) Tricyclovetivene, Tricyclovetivenol and Bicyclovetivenol.- i) Hinesol.- j) Carotol and Daucol.- 2. Lactonic Hydroazulenes.- a) Artabsin, Absinthin and Anabsinthin.- b) Matricin and Matricarin.- c) Lactucin.- d) Cynaropicrin.- e) Helenalin, Isohelenalin, Neohelenalin, Tenulin, Balduilin, and Mexicanin C.- f) Geigerin and Geigerinin.- g) Ambrosin and Damsin.- h) Parthenin.- i) Dehydrocostus Lactone.- 3. Stereochemistry of Hydroazulenes.- 4. Azulene Precursors of Some Other Types.- Addendum.- IV. Tables.- 1. Azulene Derivatives (since 1958).- 2. Azulenium Salts and Other Related Polymethine Dyes.- References.- Chemistry of the Natural Pyrethrins.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature.- III. Isolation of Natural Rethrins.- IV. Structure and Chemistry of Chrysanthemic and Pyrethric Acids.- V. Synthesis of Chrysanthemic and Pyrethric Acids.- VI. Structure and Chemistry of Pyrethrolone and Cinerolone.- Pyrethrolone 137. -Cinerolone.- VII. Synthesis of cis-Pyrethrolone and cis-Cinerolone.- VIII. Synthesis of Pyrethrins and Cinerins.- IX. Allethrin.- X. Biosynthesis of the Pyrethrins and Cinerins.- XI. Synergists for Rethrins.- XII. The Insecticidal Activity of Natural and Closely Related Synthetic Rethrins.- References.- Conformational Analysis of Steroids and Related Natural Products.- I. Introduction.- II. Definition of Conformation.- III. The Existence of Preferred Conformations.- 1. Acyclic Compounds.- 2. Cyclohexane Derivatives.- a) Boat and Chair Conformations.- b) Axial and Equatorial Bonds.- c) Auwers-Skita Rules.- d) Exceptions to the Usual Stability Relationships.- e) Six-membered Rings Containing Trigonal Carbon Atoms.- 3. Decalin Derivatives.- 4. Perhydroanthracenes and Perhydrophenanthrenes.- 5. Steroids.- a) Relation between Configuration and Conformation.- b) Stability of Ring Junction in Hydrindanones Incorporated into Fused Ring Systems.- 6. Triterpenoids.- IV. Conformational Analysis of Reactions Controlled by Steric Hindrance and Steric Compression.- 1. Axial and Equatorial Substituents.- a) Esterification of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids, and Hydrolysis of Esters.- b) Strengths of Acids and Amines.- c) Chromatographic Behaviour of Alcohols.- d) Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols with Chromium Trioxide.- e) Solvolysis.- 2. Reactivity of Carbonyl Groups.- a) Formation of Carbonyl Derivatives.- b) Hydride Reduction of Carbonyl Groups.- 3. Cis Addition to Double Bonds.- V. Spectroscopic Correlations.- 1. Infrared Spectra.- a) C-O Vibrations.- b) O-H Stretching Frequency.- c) C-Halogen Absorption.- d) C-D Stretching Frequencies.- e) c=O Stretching Frequencies.- f) Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding.- 2. Ultraviolet Spectra.- 3. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra.- 4. Optical Rotatory Dispersion.- VI. Effect of Conformation on Reactions with Stereochemically Demanding Transition States.- 1. Reactions Involving Four Coplanar Centres.- a) Bimolecular Elimination.- b) Diaxial Electrophilic Addition.- c) Opening of Epoxide Rings.- d) Formation of Epoxide Rings, and Neighbouring Group Participation.- e) 1,2-Diaxial Rearrangements.- f) Ring Contraction and Ring Expansion Reactions.- 2. Reactions Involving Coplanar Cyclic Transition States.- 3. Deamination Reactions.- 4. Bromination and Protonation of Enols.- VII. Preferred Boat Conformations.- VIII. Conformational Driving Forces.- IX. Conformational Transmission.- 1. Long Range Effects.- 2. Reflex Interactions.- X. Carbanion Reduction Processes.- References.- Biogenetic-type Syntheses of Natural Products.- I. Alkaloids.- 1. Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Groups.- Hygrine, Cuscohygrine.- Isopelletierine.- Lobelanine, Arecaidine.- Nicotine, Anabasine.- Atropine, Tropine, Tropinone.- Pseudo-pelletierine, Meteloidine.- 2. Quinolizidine Group.- Lupinine.- Sparteine.- Cytisine, Anagyrine, Thermo-psine.- 3. Anthranilic Acid Group.- Amyl-quinolines.- Vasicine.- Arborine.- Acridone alkaloids.- 4. Isoquinoline Group.- Laudanosine, Berberine, Papaverine, Glaucine.- Norsalsoline, Norlaudanosine, Benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, Cryptopine, Cory-daline.- 5. Indole Group.- Yohimbine.- Eleagnine.- Strychnine.- Gramine.- Physostigmine.- Rutaecarpine.- Cryptolepine.- Cinchonamine, Cinchonine.- Quinamine.- II. Terpenes.- 1. Syntheses Involving Polyene Cyclization.- Geraniol, Geraniolenes, Ionones.- Limonene.- Farnesol derivatives, Farnesic acid.- 2. Conversions and Partial Syntheses.- Squalene.- Hopenone-I.- Friedelin.- Glutinone.- Lupeol, Germanicol.- 3. Miscellaneous.- ?-Terpinene, Ascaridol.- Santonin, Verbenone.- Lupulone, Humulone.- Iridomyrmecin.- III. Some Other Natural Products.- 1. Monosaccharides.- Fructose, Sorbose, Xylose, Arabinose, Ribose.- N-Acetyl-neuraminic acid.- 2. Porphyrins.- Etioporphyrin.- Porphobilinogen, Uroporphyrinogen.- Uroporphyrin-III.- Chlorophyll.- 3. Vitamins.- Ergosterol, Vitamin D2.- Riboflavin, Lumichrome.- Pyridoxin.- 4. Amino Acids and Peptides.- Serine, Threonine, ?-Hydroxyleucine.- Thyroxine.- Peptide formation.- Role of histidine residues.- Thioesters and amino acids.- 5. Phenol Oxidation Products.- Hydroxyindoles.- Bufotenin.- Serotonin.- Xanthommatin.- Actinomycin antibiotics.- Usnic acid.- Griseofulvin.- Hypericin.- References.- Der Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel im Roggen und Weizen.- I. Die loslichen Kohlenhydrate im Roggen und ihre Konstitution.- II. Die loslichen Kohlenhydrate im Weizen und ihre Konstitution.- III. Die Biogenese der Polyfructosane im Roggen und Weizen.- Les phosphatases des vegetaux superieurs: repartition et action.- Definition.- Historique.- Classification generale des phosphatases.- I. Les phosphomonoesterases.- 1. Classification des principaux groupes de phosphomonoesterases.- Bases de la classification.- Les principaux types de phosphomonoesterases.- 2. Repartition dans les organes vegetaux.- a. Graines.- Variations d'activite selon l'origine botanique.- Purification et champ d'action.- Phosphatase d'Amandier.- Phosphatase de Moutarde-Blanche.- Son de Ble.- Influence de la germination sur l'activite phosphatasique.- b. Feuilles.- c. Tubercules.- d. Racines, fleurs et fruits.- 3. Phosphomonoesterases a action specifique caracteristique.- a. Les phytases.- Repartition.- Purification.- Specificite.- b. Les osylphosphatases.- 4. Action des effecteurs.- a. Generalites.- b. Action des anions.- Orthophosphates.- Arseniates.- Fluorures.- Molybdates.- Autres formateurs de complexes.- c. Action des cations.- 5. Reversibilite d'action.- 6. Action transferante des phosphomonoesterases.- II. Les phosphodiesterases.- III. Les pyrophosphatases.- ATPases et apyrases.- IV. Role physiologique des phosphatases.- Conclusions.- Bibliographie.- Namenverzeichnis. Index of Names. Index des Auteurs.- Sachverzeichnis. Index of Subjects. Index des Matieres.

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