Overview

Numerous wing manufacturing techniques have been developed by various universities for research on Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles. Minimal attention though is given to repeatability of wing aerodynamics and dynamic response, which is crucial to avoid asymmetric flapping. Thus the focus of this research becomes twofold. First, repeatable wing manufacturing techniques are developed to ensure flapping wings have similar aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics. For this purpose, four wing designs were selected to not only test the aerodynamics of the different designs, but to also validate manufacturing techniques. The various wing designs are assessed using two methods: dynamic and aerodynamic data. Dynamic data, specifically the wing's structural dynamic response, is measured using a 3D laser vibrometer. From this vibration data, the wings natural frequency modes can be determined which should correlate strongly within the various wing designs if the manufacturing techniques are repeatable. Next, using a piezoelectric flapping actuator, the four wing designs are flapped with force data collected. This data is then used to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of each wing. From the two methods of wing evaluation, it was found that the wings manufactured using a three-layer carbon layup showed greater structural dynamic modal repeatability as compared to one-layer carbon wings. Additionally, Wing Design 3 flapped with the most efficiency with a significantly higher lift to drag ratio as compared to the other wing designs. From this research, the wing manufacturing techniques are quantitatively shown to be repeatable while an optimal wing design based on the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is found which can be used for future research. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

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