Overview

Building on the experience of twenty-five years of fieldwork and archaeozoological analyses carried out during research projects in various regions of northern France, this book examines animal husbandry and hunting practices over the 5000 year period from the first sedentary groups to the more evolved societies, corresponding to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age. This approach is based on the processing of a very large amount of data, from sources as varied as settlements, assembly places, cemeteries and other distinctive sites. The study looks in detail at domestic consumption in houses, villages and enclosures, as well as addressing feasting, ceremonial deposition and the role of animals in the funerary sphere. Intra-site and inter-site spatial analysis of a portion of the data has also been one of the keys to gaining certain levels of understanding and interpretation of the societies in question. By examining the evidence at different spatial scales, from site to territorial level, a picture can be outlined of the probable social mechanisms at work. This approach highlights the changing complexity of practices involving people and animals. This book offers a contribution to the broad field of research into how people interact with their natural, cultural and social environments.

Full Product Details

Author:   Ginette Auxiette ,  Lamys Hachem
Publisher:   Sidestone Press
Imprint:   Sidestone Press
ISBN:  

9789464260212

ISBN 10:   9464260211
Pages:   300
Publication Date:   28 December 2021
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

1 Chrono-cultural background 1.1 The Neolithic 1.2 Bronze Age 1.3 Iron Age   2 Domestic consumption on habitation sites: houses, villages, enclosures, un-enclosed settlements 2.1 The Neolithic 2.1.1 The Early Neolithic 2.1.1.1 Villages: rules and variations 2.1.1.2 Cooking and eating within the home 2.1.1.3 Forests, rivers and pastures: the natural resources 2.1.1.4 The siting of the house within the village 2.1.1.5 An overview of the variation in species during the RFBS and BVSG 2.1.1.6 Comparisons with LBK sites elsewhere in Europe 2.1.2 The Middle Neolithic 2.1.2.1 The various types of settlements 2.1.2.2 The Middle Neolithic I 2.1.2.3 The Middle Neolithic II 2.1.3 The Late Neolithic 2.1.3.1 An imbalance in favour of funerary contexts 2.1.3.2 Different types of occupation 2.1.4 The Final Neolithic 2.1.4.1 Fresh settlement evidence 2.1.4.2 Faunal remains from settlement sites 2.2 The Metal Ages 2.2.1 The Bronze Age 2.2.1.1 Production and consumption on farmstead sites 2.2.1.2 Production and consumption on large sites in upland areas and plains 2.2.2 The Iron Age 2.2.2.1 Consumption of animals on Late Hallstatt/Early La Tène farms (530-325 BCE) 2.2.2.2 The fauna of Middle La Tène farms 2.2.2.3 The fauna of Late La Tène farms and oppida (180-20 BCE)   3 Collective meals 3.1 The Neolithic 3.1.1 Self-sufficiency and sharing between households in the Early Neolithic 3.1.2 Middle Neolithic enclosures as places of assembly 3.1.2.1 The Middle Neolithic I 3.1.2.2 The Middle Neolithic II 3.1.3 The Late Neolithic 3.1.4 The Final Neolithic 3.2 The Bronze Age and Iron Age 3.2.1 Exceptional consumption: sheep bones in silos 3.2.2 Collective meals from the Bronze Age (Hallstatt A and C) to the Late La Tène (La Tène C2/D2) 3.2.2.1 Fauna from high status Bronze Age enclosure sites 3.2.2.2 Fauna from high status Iron Age sites 3.2.2.3 Evidence for collective meals in the La Tène D2b   4 Cultural manifestations 4.1 Deposits containing entire animals, or animal parts, in “domestic” contexts 4.2 The Neolithic 4.2.1 The Early Neolithic 4.2.1.1 A ceremonial enclosure 4.2.1.2 Object-Signs 4.2.2 The Middle Neolithic 4.2.2.1 Turtle shells 4.2.2.2 A monumental building 4.2.2.3 Deposits in enclosures 4.2.2.4 Amulets 4.2.2.5 Burnt bones 4.2.3 The Late Neolithic 4.2.3.1 Wild animals in deep pits 4.2.3.2 Wild horse 4.3 Bronze Age and Iron Age 4.3.1 Simple deposits 4.3.1.1 The deposition of dog at Ifs 4.3.2 Complex deposits 4.3.2.1 Combined deposition of humans and animals in settlements contexts 4.4 Animal deposits in Y- and W-shaped pits: The Neolithic and Bronze Age   5 The animal in the funerary realm 5.1 The Neolithic 5.1.1 The Early Neolithic 5.1.1.1 Burials 5.1.2 The Middle Neolithic 5.1.2.1 Sheep, cattle and pigs 5.1.2.2 Fox, wolf and birds 5.1.2.3 Wild boar tusks and hares’ feet 5.1.3 The Late Neolithic and Final Neolithic 5.1.3.1 Carnivores and suinae 5.2 The Bronze Age and the Iron Age 5.2.1 Animal deposits in cremation and inhumation burials, in Bronze Age ring ditches 5.2.2 Faunal deposits in La Tène graves   6 Throwing light on social mechanisms 6.1 An overview of Neolithic socio-economic systems 6.1.1 The Early Neolithic 6.1.1.1 Livestock at the centre of wealth, clans and tradition 6.1.1.2 Hunting, a marker of gender 6.1.1.3 A dual society 6.1.2 The Middle Neolithic 6.1.2.1 A tendency towards ostentation 6.1.2.2 Clues to the activities that took place in enclosures 6.1.3 The Late Neolithic 6.1.3.1 The collective and the individual 6.1.3.2 Status differentiation 6.1.4 The Final Neolithic 6.1.5 Conclusions regarding Neolithic social system 6.2 An overview of metal Ages socio economic systems 6.3 Evolution of cultual expressions through the ages 6.4 The question of animal sacrifice through the ages   7 General conclusion

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Author Information

Ginette Auxiette has a Ph.D. in archaeology from the Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne and is currently a researcher specialized in archaeozoology with the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP). Her research carried out with the team Trajectoires «De la sédentarisation à l’Etat» (UMR 8215 of CNRS) deals with different aspects of material culture in the Metal Ages in the northern half of France. Her work is based on multiscalar approaches to societies from the Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age, economic and societal approaches to animal resources within habitat sites, evolutionary, qualitative and quantitative approaches to rites and cults in the domestic context, evolutionary approaches and specificities of rites in the funerary context. Key literature AUXIETTE G., HACHEM L., RUBY P. (2020) ‒ La consommation animale : du quotidien au festin collectif saisonnier, in R. Peake (dir.), Villiers-sur-Seine, un habitat aristocratique du IXe siècle avant notre ère, Paris, INRAP/CNRS éditions (Recherches archéologiques 18), p.136 182. DELATTRE V., AUXIETTE G., PINARD E. (2018) ‒ Quand le défunt échappe à la nécropole. Pratiques rituelles et comportements « dits » déviants au Second âge du Fer dans le Bassin Parisien, Dijon, Editions Universitaires de Dijon, 145 p. AUXIETTE G. (2017) ‒ Autour du mouton : analyse de consommations singulières au cours du premier millénaire avant notre ère, in M.-P. Horard-Herbin et Laurioux B. (dir.), La Viande : fabrique et représentations, Tours, Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais et Presses Universitaires de Rennes (Tables des Hommes), p.117 130. AUXIETTE G. (2017) ‒ Les consommations carnées à l’âge du Bronze : bilan et perspectives, in L. Carozza, C. Marcigny, et M. Talon (dir.), L’habitat et l’occupation des sols à l’âge du Bronze et au début du premier âge du Fer, Paris, INRAP/CNRS éditions (Recherches Archéologiques 12), p.327 336. AUXIETTE G., MÉNIEL P. (dir.) (2013) ‒ Les dépôts d’ossements animaux en France, de la fouille à l’interprétation : Actes de la table ronde de Bibracte, 15-17 octobre 2012, Montagnac, Editions Monique Mergoil (Archéologie des Plantes et des Animaux (APA), 286 p. AUXIETTE G., ROBERT B., HACHEM L. (dir.) (1997) ‒ Espaces physiques espaces sociaux dans l’analyse interne des sites du Néolithique à l’âge du Fer, Paris, Editions du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (119e Congrès du CTHS, oct. 1994, Amiens), 433 p. Lamys Hachem graduated with a Ph.D. in archelogy from the Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne where she also has been teaching for several years. She is currently a senior researcher in archeozoology and pre-history at the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP), the largest French center for archaeological research and one of the largest in Europe. Within the team Trajectoires « De la sédentarisation à l’Etat » (UMR 8215 of CNRS) she has focused her research on the societies of the Early, Middle and Final Neolithic period, particularly in the northern half of France where she has led teams performing preventive archaeological excavations for more than two decades. She has performed pionneering zooarchaeology research leading to understanding the customs and evolution of animal and hunting, the chronological evolution of feeding, the internal analysis of habitats (houses, villages), and the characterization of animal deposits in enclosures. Key Literature HACHEM L., MAIGROT Y. (2019) ‒ Faune et travail des matières osseuses dans les enceintes du Néolithique Moyen II du Bassin parisien, in F. Bostyn, Hamon C., Salavert A., et Giligny F. (dir.), L’exploitation du milieu au Néolithique dans le quart nord-ouest de l’Europe : contraintes environnementales, identités techniques et choix culturels, Société Préhistorique Française p. 95 117. HACHEM L. (2018) ‒ Animals in LBK society: Identity and gender markers, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 20, p. 910 921. GOMART L., HACHEM L., HAMON C., GILIGNY F., ILETT M. (2015) ‒ Household integration in Neolithic villages: a new model for the Linear Pottery Culture in west-central Europe, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 40, p. 230–249. HACHEM L. (2013) ‒ Archéo animaux : l’incroyable histoire de l’archéologie des animaux. Illustrations d’Hélène Georges, Paris, Coédition Actes Sud Junior-Inrap, 88 p. HACHEM L. (2011) ‒ Les faunes du Néolithique moyen dans le Nord de la France : bilan et pistes de recherches, in F. Bostyn, E. Martial, et I. Praud (dir.), Habitat et économie aux 4e et 3e millénaires avant notre ère, Revue Archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial p. 313–329. HACHEM L. (2011) ‒ Le site néolithique de Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes- I: de l’analyse de la faune à la structuration sociale, vol. 120, Rahden, Verlag Marie Leidorf, Internationale Archäologie, 549 p.

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