Overview

Scanning millions of faces each year, facial recognition technology (FRT) has become one of today's fastest growing and most controversial AI-driven surveillance technologies.Based on rare ethnographic access to police FRT deployments, Facial Recognition Surveillance: Policing and Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence delves into the profound impact of FRT on policing practices, surveillance capabilities, and human rights protections. It reveals how this technology shapes, and is also shaped by, the complex environments in which it is deployed, dramatically reshaping police-citizen interactions.This book exposes the selective scientific and legal narratives that justify the expansion of AI-driven surveillance. It draws on cutting-edge human rights theory to propose a due diligence framework tailored to police use of FRT and introduces the concept of 'compound human rights harm' to capture the multifaceted impact of surveillance.Integrating insights from the sociology of policing, science and technology studies, and human rights scholarship, this book advances a theoretically novel and empirically informed perspective that positions FRT as a socio-technical system capable of altering the fundamental nature of policing.

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9780192883704

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This book is a must read. Based on extensive ethnographic observations of one of the largest police forces in the world, the book undertakes two equally novel and important tasks. First, it conceptualises why the police's use of advanced surveillance technologies are capable of giving rise to compound human rights harms and sets out what a human rights due diligence framework to prevent such harms should look like. Second, it shows how algorithmic decision making undermines the exercise of police discretion with manifold consequences for human rights and policing culture. The result is a superb delivery of an evidence-based cautionary tale about the erosion of human rights based policing through the emergence of algorithmic classifications of suspicion. * Başak Cali, Professor of International Law, University of Oxford * Facial Recognition Surveillance is a tour de force. Masterfully weaving together theoretical, doctrinal, and empirical data, Fussey and Murray have published a groundbreaking book that greatly advances the world's knowledge of the dangers and possibilities of facial recognition technologies and their use by law enforcement. Sharp observers of how these technologies are being used in practice, Fussey and Murray have produced an essential resource for anyone interested in the past, present and future use of biometrics in policing-and more generally, for anyone interested in the interplay of digital technologies and the protection of human rights in the digital age. * Alexa Koenig, Director, Investigations Human Rights Center, UC Berkeley * Rapid AI developments propel anxious debates everywhere. But few are informed by the kinds of brilliant research on which this book depends. Years of painstaking observation and analysis, alongside police and publics in everyday contexts, flowers into detailed, thoughtful and accessible arguments. A model of thorough research, that queries 'humans-in-the-loop,' demonstrates that technology frames suspicion, and exposes a tragic neglect of human rights. And has wisdom regarding AI, well beyond police work. * David Lyon, Emeritus Professor, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario * Fussey and Murray's book on Facial Recognition Surveillance is thought-provoking and disturbing. The authors bring a human rights and empirical frame to what likely is the most extensive use of real time facial recognition by a democracy. They have thought deeply about how this extensive surveillance affects us all, something that should be understood better before proceeding. And it is disturbing because the UK has not done that; rather, we learn of disregard for the rule of law and insufficient care about the impact of this tool on society. If surveillance is your jam, this is a must read. * Barry Friedman, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Professor of Law, Affiliated Professor of Politics, Director, Policing Project, New York University School of Law * This book dives deep into the world of facial recognition technology, thanks to the expert guidance of Professor Pete Fussey and Dr. Daragh Murray. Their combined knowledge of surveillance, policing, and human rights, coupled with their first-hand experience with the Metropolitan Police's trials, brings a unique perspective. The authors dissect the technology's historical roots, its actual use in operations, and, crucially, what it all means for our human rights in terms particularly of freedom of expression and assembly. This is no ordinary academic study; it's a vital exploration of how this technology is reshaping policing and is impacting on our fundamental rights. * Lord Clement-Jones, Former Artificial Intelligence Committee Chair, House of Lords * In this ground-breaking book Pete Fussey and Daragh Murray provide a detailed examination of one of the most controversial AI-driven policing tools, revealing the diffuse harms associated with advanced surveillance technology and offering a compelling human rights framework that establishes the key questions law enforcement policies should be judged against. The rigorous analysis in Facial Recognition Surveillance could not be more timely or welcome. Criminology at its very best, warning us of the worst ahead. Essential, if occasionally disturbing, reading. * Eamonn Carrabine, Professor of Sociology, University of Essex * For years, academics have warned we are sleepwalking into a surveillance state. With this book, Fussey and Murray ensure we are now wide awake. With an unrivalled combination of law and case studies, first-hand accounts of research on the ground and policy deliberations, coupled with the theoretical tools necessary to understand the implications for societies under surveillance, Fussey and Murray present the definitive account of facial recognition in policing. Essential reading for anyone who wants to understand, and engage with, the debate that we must insist upon before the police expand their facial recognition capabilities further. * Carole McCartney, Professor of Law and Criminal Justice, University of Leicester * In Facial Recognition Surveillance, Pete Fussey and Daragh Murray shatter the illusions of frontier technology in policing. Their book explores the Metropolitan Police's experiments with 'live' surveillance and takes us on a rich ethnographic journey from government policy discussions into the interiors of unmarked surveillance vans. As the book unfolds, so too does a larger story about efforts to control cities and populations. Fussey and Murray show us the ground we have yielded and the ground that we must retake if liberty is to survive. * Mark Maguire, Professor of Anthropology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth * A cogent and compelling exploration of facial recognition technology. Written with great insight and clarity, this book unpacks the technology's role as a fundamentally intrusive mass surveillance tool that is increasingly transforming policing around the world, with implications for human rights. The book offers much-needed insight into the history, sociotechnical dynamics, and consequences of unregulated digital surveillance. It is an essential resource for anyone concerned about the human impact of policing with facial recognition technology. * Pam Ugwudike, Professor of Criminology, University of Southampton * Facial recognition surveillance poses dire threats to human rights. Based on unprecedented access to police deployments of such technologies, this incisive book shows how facial recognition systems amplify both algorithmic and human biases. The outcome, more often than not, is augmented policing of poor and minoritized communities. This ethnographically rich book provides a guide for charting and contesting these disturbing transformations. * Torin Monahan, Professor in the Department of Communication at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill * This book is a must read for anyone working on technology policy issues, and it will be a crucial resource for policymakers. Fussey and Murray deliver a masterful breakdown of the operational realities surrounding facial recognition deployments, meticulously illuminating the far-reaching social and legal implications of this technology. Anyone seeking a deeper understanding of modern-day surveillance, should read this book. * Rashida Richardson, Distinguished Scholar of Technology and Policy, Worcester Polytechnic Institute *

Author Information

Pete Fussey is a Professor of Criminology at the University of Southampton and researches the human rights implications of advanced surveillance and other policing technologies. His other published work analyses digital sociology, algorithmic justice, and urban studies. He has authored work laid before the UN General Assembly; co-authored UN human rights standards on police technology at protests; and co-directed the ESRC Human Rights, Big Data and Technology project (2015-2023). Professor Fussey's research has featured on the front pages of The Guardian and Financial Times, and additionally covered by BBC Newsnight, PBS Newshour, The New York Times, Washington Post, BBC Radio 4 and others. Daragh Murray is a Senior Lecturer at Queen Mary University London School of Law, and a Fellow of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences. He specialises in international human rights law and the law of armed conflict, with an interest in artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies. He has been awarded a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship to examine the 'unintended consequences' of artificial intelligence, with an emphasis on understanding the links between surveillance and the processes central to individual's identity development and the evolution of democratic societies. He was previously a member of the UKRI funded Human Rights, Big Data & Technology Project.

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