Overview

Glass is a kind of synthetic material and most used ancient material among other materials by human. In olden days, uses of glasses were confined to the insulators, windows and substrates. It has been taken over centuries to reach the presently using glasses for novel and advanced scientific and technological applications. The scientific investigation of glass was begun by Faraday and others in the nineteen century and till today it is rapidly growing topic. This rapidly developing sphere of interest is now focused on development of new kind of glassy materials with peculiar properties for specific applications, particularly to unravel the suitable structural surroundings. However, with the emerging sophisticated techniques, it is feasible to synthesise glass with excellent photoluminescence properties through felicitous structural control and coordination. In addition to the synthesis of novel glasses activated with rare earths (RE), synthesis of transparent glass ceramics (GC) as host doped with RE with relatively enhanced photoluminescence emissions than glasses is an alternative way. Production of glass ceramics can be done by using appropriate nucleating agents into matrices or by regulating crystallisation of glass. There are best merits of crystallization, like much transparent glass ceramics and mitigation of light. They possess well improved characteristics such as high energy transfer rates along with large emission and absorption cross sections upon formed with crystalline phase surrounding the RE with necessary structure and character. Notably, oxyfluoride glass- ceramics emerged as the excellent optimistic host for rare earth ions because they have combined properties of both fluoride crystalline phase and glassy matrix. Thus, crystalline phase which is segregated by RE ions are found to exist in suitable environment which are showing low non radiative decay upon excited.

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