Overview

"Computerized ""expert systems"" are among the best-known applications of artificial intelligence. But what is expertise? The nature of knowledge and expertise, and their relation to context, is the focus of active discussion and controversy among psychologists, philosophers, computer scientists, and other cognitive scientists. The questions reach to the very foundations of cognitive theory. The twenty-three original essay in this volume discuss the essential nature of expert knowledge, as well as such questions as how ""expertise"" differs from mere ""knowledge,"" the relation between the individual and group processes involved in knowledge in general and expertise in particular, the social and other contexts of expertise, how expertise can be assessed, and the relation between human and computer expertise. Contributors N. M. Agnew, D. Bertram, S. Bringsjord, N. Charness, W. Clancey, H. M. Collins, T. M. Converse, R. L. Coulson, D. DuBois, K. A. Ericsson, P. J. Feltovich, K. M. Ford, N. D. Geddes, K. J. Hammond, C. C. Hayes, P. J. Hayes, H. Hexmoor, C. T. Kulik, H. E. Kyburg, M. LaFrance, F. J. Lerch, G. F. Luger, M. Miller, M. Minsky, K. O'Hara, A. L. Patalano, V. L. Patel, D. Perlis, M. J. Prietula, M. F. Ramoni, A. T. Rappaport, C. M. Seifert, N. Shadbolt, V. L. Shalin, S. C. Shapiro, R. J. Spiro, E. W. Stein, C. R. Stern, R. J. Sternberg, M. A. Szczepkowski, C. M. Zeitz"

Full Product Details

Author:   Paul J. Feltovich ,  Kenneth M. Ford (Founder and CEO, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition) ,  Robert R. Hoffman (Senior Research Scientist, Inst For Human And Machine Cog) ,  Robert R. Hoffman (Associate Professor of Psychology, Adelphi University, USA)
Publisher:   MIT Press Ltd
Imprint:   MIT Press
Dimensions:   Width: 15.20cm , Height: 3.80cm , Length: 22.40cm
Weight:   0.953kg
ISBN:  

9780262561105

ISBN 10:   0262561107
Pages:   608
Publication Date:   15 April 1997
Recommended Age:   From 18
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   No Longer Our Product
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

Part 1 The cognitive perspective: cognitive and developmental factors in expert performance, K.A. Ericsson and N. Charness; some concrete advantages of abstraction - how experts' representations facilitate reasoning, C.M. Zeitz; cognitive models of directional inference in expert medical reasoning, V.L. Patel and M.F. Ramoni; experience and expertise - the role of memory in planning for opportunities, C.M. Seifert et al; issues of expert flexibility in contexts characterized by complexity and change, P.J. Feltovich et al. Part 2 Expertise in context: cognitive conceptions of expertise, R.J. Sternberg; metaphors for expertise - how knowledge engineers picture human expertise, M. LaFrance; a look at expertise from a social perspective, E.W. Stein; expertise in dynamic, physical task domains, V.L. Shalin et al; expertise in context - personally constructed, socially selected and reality-relevant?, N.M. Agnew et al. Part 3 Socially situated expertise: the conceptual nature of knowledge, situations and activity, W.J. Clancey; RAT-Tale - sociology's contribution to understanding human and machine cognition, H.M. Collins. Part 4 Expert systems in context: model-based expert systems and the explanation of expertise, N. Shadbolt and K. O'Hara; a study of solution quality in human expert and knowledge-based system reasoning, C.C. Hayes; abduction and abstraction in diagnosis - a schema-based account, C.R. Stern and G.F. Luger; integrating skill and knowledge in expert agents, H. Hexmoor and S.C. Shapiro; toward automated expert reasoning and expert-novice communication, M. Miller and D. Perlis; the tuning effect - the nature of trust in expert systems advice, F.J. Lerch et al; interpreting generic structures - expert systems, expertise and context, K. O'Hara and N. Shadbolt. Part 5 Pushing the envelope: an argument for the uncomputability of infinitary mathematical expertise, S. Bringsjord; expertise and context in uncertain inference, H.E. Kyburg; negative expertise, M. Minsky; context, cognition and the future of intelligent infostructures, A.T. Rappaport. Part 6 Recapitulation and synthesis: a general conceptual framework for conceiving of expertise and expert systems, R.R. Hoffman et al.

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Author Information

Paul J. Feltovich is Professor of Medical Education and Psychiatry at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. He is the coeditor of Expertise in Context (AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1997). Kenneth M. Ford is Founder and Director of the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) in Pensacola. Robert R. Hoffman is Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition in Pensacola, Florida.

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