Overview

The book presents in a clear, simple, straightforward, novel  and unified manner the most used methods of experimental mechanics of solids for the determination of displacements, strains and stresses. Emphasis is given on the principles of operation of the various methods, not in their applications to engineering problems. The book is divided into sixteen chapters which include strain gages, basic optics, geometric and interferometric moiré, optical methods (photoelasticity, interferometry, holography, caustics, speckle methods, digital image correlation), thermoelastic stress analysis, indentation, optical fibers, nondestructive testing, and residual stresses. The book will be used not only as a learning tool, but as a basis on which the researcher, the engineer, the experimentalist, the student can develop their new own ideas to promote research in experimental mechanics of solids.

Full Product Details

Author:   Emmanuel E. Gdoutos
Publisher:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Imprint:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Edition:   1st ed. 2022
Volume:   269
Weight:   0.516kg
ISBN:  

9783030894689

ISBN 10:   3030894681
Pages:   311
Publication Date:   17 November 2022
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier.

Table of Contents

Contents   1.      Electrical Resistance Strain Gages 1.1     Introduction 1.2     Basic Principle 1.3     Bonded Resistance Strain Gages 1.4   Transverse Sensitivity and Gage Factor 1.5  Electrical Circuits 1.5.1 Introduction 1.5.2  The potentiometer Circuit 1.5.3The Wheatstone Bridge 1.6 Strain Gage Rosettes   2.  Fundamentals of optics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Historical Overview 2.3 Light Sources, Wave Fronts, and Rays 2.4 Reflection and Mirrors 2.4.1 Reflection 2.4.2 Plane Mirrors 2.4.3 Spherical Mirrors 2.5 Refraction 2.6 Thin Lenses 2.7 The Wave Nature of light – Huygens’ Principle 2.8 Electromagnetic Theory of Light 2.9 Polarization 2.10 Interference 2.10.1 Introduction 2.10.2 Interference of Two Linearly Polarized Beams 2.10.3 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 2.10.4 Multi-slit interference 2.10.5 Interference of Two Plane Waves 2.10.6 Change of Phase Upon Reflection – Thin films 2.10.7 Dispersion 2.11 Diffraction 2.11.1 Introduction 2.11.2 Single Slit Diffraction 2.11.3 Two Slit Diffraction 2.11.4 The diffraction grating 2.11.5 Diffraction by a Circular Aperture 2.11.6 Limit of  Resolution 2.11.7 Fraunhofer Diffraction as a Fourier Transform 2.11.8 Optical Spatial Filtering 2.11.9 The Pinhole Spatial Filter   3. Geometric Moiré 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Terminology 3.3 The Moiré Phenomenon 3.4 Mathematical Analysis of Moiré Fringes 3.5. Relationships Between Line Grating and Moiré Fringes  3.6 Moiré Patterns Formed by Circular, Radial and Line Gratings 3.7 Measurement of In-Plane Displacements 3.8 Measurement of Out-of-Plane Displacements 3.9 Measurement of Out-of-Plane Slopes 3.10 Sharpening of Moiré Fringes 3.11 Moiré of Moiré   4. Coherent Moiré and Moiré Interferometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Superposition of Two Diffraction Gratings 4.3 Moiré Patterns 4.4 Optical Filtering and Fringe Multiplication. 4.5 Advantages Offered by Coherent Moiré 4.6 Moiré Interferometry 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Optical Arrangement 4.6.3 The method 4.6.4 Determination of strains   5. Moiré patterns formed by remote gratings 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Geometric Moiré Methods 5.2.1 Introduction 5.3 The coherent Grading Sensing (CGS) Method 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3.3 Governing Equations   6. The method of caustics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Governing Equations for Reflective Surfaces 6.3 The Ellipsoid Mirror 6.4 Intensity of a Light ray Illuminating a Transparent Specimen 6.5 Stress-Optical Equations 6.6 Crack Problems 6.6.1 Introduction 6.6.2 Principle of the Method 6.6.3 Opening-Mode Loading 6.6.4 Mixed-Mode Loading 6.6.5 Anisotropic Materials 6.6.6 The state of Stress Near the Crack Tip 6.6.7 Comparison of the Method of Caustics with Other Optical Methods   7. Photoelasticity             7.1 Introduction 7.2 Plane Polariscope 7.3 Circular Polariscope 7.4 Isoclinics 7.5 Isochromatics 7.6 Isochromatics with White Light 7.7 Properties of Isoclinics 7.8 Properties of Isochromatics 7.9 Compensation 7.9.1 Introduction 7.9.2 The Tension/Compression Specimen 7.9.3 Babinet and Babinet-Soleil Compensators 7.9.4 Sernarmont Compensation Method 7.9.5 Tardy Compensation Method 7.10 Determination of Photoelastic constant fs 7.11 Stress Separation 7.12 Fringe Multiplication and Sharpening 7.13 Transition from Model to Prototype 7.14 Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity 7.15 Photoelastic Coatings 7.15.1 Introduction 7.15.2 Transfer of Stresses From Body to Coating. 7.15.3 Determination of Stresses 7.15.4 Reinforcing Effect 7.15.5 Photoelastic Strain Gages   8. Interferometry 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Interferometric Systems 8.3 Analysis of Interferometric Systems 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer 8.3.3 The Michelson Interferometer 8.3.4 The Fizeau-Type Interferometer 8.3.5 Other Interferometers 8.3.6 A Generic Analysis of Interferometers   9. Holography 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Holography             9.3 Holographic Interferometry             9.3.1 Introduction             9.3.2 Real-Time Holographic Interferometry             9.3.3 Double-Exposure Holographic Interferometry             9.3.4 Sensitivity Vector             9.4 Holographic Photoelasticity             9.4.1 Introduction             9.4.2 Isochromatic-Isopachic Patterns   10. Optical Fiber Strain Sensors   10.1 Introduction 10.2 Optical Fibers 10.2.1 Introduction 10.2.2 Structure  10.2.3 Principle of operation 10.2.4 Applications    10.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages 10.3 Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) 10.3.1 Architecture of a FOS 10.3.2 Classification of FOSs 10.3.3 Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) 10.3.4 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGS) 10.3.5 Multiplexing 10.3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of OFSs        10.3.7 Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors   11. Speckle Methods 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Speckle Effect 11.3 Speckle Photography 11.3.1 Introduction 11.3.2 Point-by-Point Interrogation of the Specklegram 11.3.3 Spatial Filtering of the Specklegram 11.4 Speckle Interferometry 11.5 Shearography 11.6 Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI)   12. Digital Image Correlation (DIC)             12.1 Introduction             12.2 Essential Steps of DIC             12.3 Speckle Patterning             12.4 Image Digitization             12.5 Intensity Interpolation             12.6 Image Correlation – Displacement Measurement             12.7 2-D and 3-D Displacement Measurements   13. Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) 13.1 Introduction             13.2 Thermoelastic Law             11.3 Infrared Detectors             13.4 Adiabaticity             13.5 Specimen Preparation             13.6 Calibration             13.7 Stress Separation             13.8 Applications   14. Indentation 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Contact Mechanics 14.3 Macro-Indentation Testing 14.3.1 Brinell Test 14.3.2 Meyer Test 14.3.3 Vickers Test 14.3.4 Rockwell Test 14.4 Micro-Indentation testing 14.4.1 Vickers Test 14.4.2 Knoop Test 14.5 Nanoindentation Testing 14.5.1 Introduction 14.5.2 The Elastic Contact Method 14.5.3 Nanoindentation for Measuring Fracture Toughness   15. Nondestructive Testing (NDT)             15.1 Introduction             15.2 Dye Penetrant (DPI)             15.2.1 Principle             15.2.2 Application             15.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages             15.3 Magnetic Particles Inspection (MPI)             15.3.1 Principle             15.3.2  Advantages and Disadvantages             15.4 Eddy Currents Inspection (ECI)             15.4.1 Principle             15.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages             15.5 X-ray Diffraction             15.5.1 Introduction             15.5.2 X-rays             15.5.3 X-ray Diffraction             15.5.4 Measurement of Strain             15.5.5 Instrumentation             15.6 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)             15.6.1 Introduction             15.6.2 Operation             15.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages             15.7 Acoustic Emission Testing (AET)             15.7.1 Introduction             15.7.2 Acoustic Emission Testing             15.7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages   16. Residual Stresses – The Hole Drilling Method             16.1 Introduction             16.2 Hole-Drilling Method             16.3 Uniaxial Residual Stresses             16.4 Biaxial Residual Stresses             16.5 Variation of Residual Stresses Through the Thickness             16.6 Nondestructive Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses

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Author Information

Emmanuel Gdoutos is Full Member of the Academy of Athens in the chair of Theoretical and Experimental Mechanics (2016). He is member of many academies worldwide, fellow of scientific societies and received numerous awards.  His book “Fracture Mechanics – An Introduction, 3rd edition” published by Springer accompanied by a solutions manual is used as a textbook by many universities worldwide. His book “Matrix Theory of Photoelasticity” published by Springer-Verlag presents a novel and unified interpretation of the problems of photoelastic stress analysis using the modern methods of description of polarized light. He is the book series editor of the Springer series “Springerbriefs in Structural Mechanics”. His research interest include problems of the theory of elasticity, fracture mechanics, experimental mechanics (with emphasis in the optical methods), mechanics of composite materials, sandwich structures and nanotechnology (composite nanomaterials).

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