Overview

Philosophy has been debating the same questions for two and a half thousand years. What is consciousness? What is justice? What can we know? Despite the brilliance of its practitioners, the discipline has not converged on answers. Meanwhile, every field that adopted formal methods and empirical accountability - from alchemy becoming chemistry to natural philosophy becoming physics - made staggering, cumulative progress. In this groundbreaking book, Boris Kriger argues that philosophy's stalemate is not caused by the difficulty of its questions but by the limitations of its methods. The tools that could transform the discipline already exist: mathematical logic, Bayesian reasoning, information theory, and - crucially - artificial intelligence, which for the first time allows a single thinker to check philosophical claims against the full breadth of human knowledge. Evidence-Based Philosophy presents a clear, practical framework for this transformation. Through vivid historical narratives - from Socrates' trial to the Vienna Circle's collapse, from Frege's revolution in logic to the emergence of AI - Kriger shows why philosophy stopped making progress and how it can start again. He introduces the Reflexive Inference Constraint, which demonstrates mathematically why introspection alone can never establish universal truths. He develops the concept of Conceptual Responsibility, showing why thinkers owe the world careful framing. And he walks the reader through a five-step protocol for converting philosophical claims into testable, verifiable form. Written entirely in plain language with no equations, this book makes the case that philosophy's greatest questions deserve its most powerful tools. The formal mathematical framework is included as an appendix for readers who want to go deeper. This is not an attack on philosophy. It is an invitation to make it better. Keywords philosophy, evidence, formalization, reasoning, AI, knowledge, methodology

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