Overview

The word ""epilepsy"" comes from a Greek term meaning ""struck by surprise,"" highlighting the sudden and unpredictable nature of seizures. In Europe, epilepsy is the most common disabling neurological disease, costing about 0.2% of the GDP of industrialized countries. A major issue is the lack of understanding about the disease, which causes many people with epilepsy to live in constant fear of seizures and how others perceive them. Epilepsy involves repeated, unexpected, and often brief seizures that can take many forms. This is why we refer to ""epilepsies"" rather than a single ""epilepsy."" Seizures have long been surrounded by mystery because they occur without warning. Today, we know epilepsy originates in the brain and is linked to abnormal discharges within neural networks, which can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). However, the fear of epilepsy, fueled by misconceptions, can be harder to cope with than the disease itself. This creates a ""double disease"" a medical condition and a social challenge due to the stigma. Epileptic seizures happen because of excessive brain activity caused by the ""hyperexcitation"" and synchronization of nerve cells (neurons) in the cerebral cortex.

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