Overview

Enzymes are used in organic chemistry because of the control they offer the chemist. Traditionally, enzymes have been used in aqueous systems, but this has caused some problems in extending the technique to substrates which are insoluble in water. Enzymes have recently been used in reactions in which the solvent is not water, and this development has considerably enhanced the usefulness of the technique. This book brings together the available information into one volume, giving the organic chemist access to this new technology.

Full Product Details

Author:   A. Koskinen ,  A. Klibanov
Publisher:   Chapman and Hall
Imprint:   Chapman and Hall
Edition:   1996 ed.
Dimensions:   Width: 15.50cm , Height: 2.00cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   1.420kg
ISBN:  

9780751402599

ISBN 10:   0751402591
Pages:   314
Publication Date:   31 December 1995
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

1 Enzymes in organic solvents: meeting the challenges.- References.- 2 Modes of using enzymes in organic media.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Choice of solvent.- 2.3 Effects of water.- 2.4 Solid enzyme preparations.- 2.5 Solubilized enzyme preparations.- 2.6 Other non-conventional reaction media.- 2.7 Comparisons between different modes of using enzymes in organic media.- References.- 3 Fundamentals of non-aqueous enzymology.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Structural integrity.- 3.3 Mechanistic integrity.- 3.4 Water.- 3.5 Solvent.- 3.6 Kinetics and thermodynamics of non-aqueous enzyme-catalyzed processes.- 3.7 Concluding remarks.- References.- 4 New enzymatic properties in organic media.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Specificity of enzymes in non-aqueous media.- 4.3 Thermal stability of enzymes in non-aqueous media.- 4.4 Conclusions.- References.- 5 Enzymatic resolutions of alcohols, esters, and nitrogen-containing compounds.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Quantitative aspects of enantioselective biocatalytic reactions.- 5.3 Stereochemical recognition of lipases.- 5.4 Working models for predicting stereoselectivity.- 5.5 Molecular and submolecular heterogeneity of Candida rugosa lipase.- 5.6 Sequential biocatalytic kinetic resolutions.- 5.7 Acyl donors and acceptors.- 5.8 Solvent and enzyme enantioselectivity.- 5.9 General behaviour of enzymes in organic solvents.- 5.10 Resolution of alcohols in organic solvents.- 5.11 Resolution of acids and esters in organic solvents.- 5.12 Lipase-mediated synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds (amines, amides, amino acids, nitriles).- 5.13 Conclusion.- References.- 6 Regioselectivity of hydrolases in organic media.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Enzymatic acylation of polyhydroxylated compounds.- 6.3 Enzymatic hydrolysis of peracylated polyhydroxylated compounds.- 6.4 Scaled-up procedures.- 6.5 Closing remarks.- References.- 7 Hydrolase-catalysed asymmetric and other transformations of synthetic interest.- 7.1 Hydrolases.- 7.2 Lipases versus esterases: mechanistic models.- 7.3 Principles of enzymatic kinetic resolutions.- 7.4 Practical resolution of racemic mixtures: transesterification.- 7.5 Resolution of racemates without a chiral carbon centre and ferrocene-containing substrates.- 7.6 Hydrolases in other transformations.- References.- 8 Peptide synthesis.- 8.1 General aspects of protease-catalyzed peptide synthesis.- 8.2 Thermodynamically controlled synthesis.- 8.3 Kinetically controlled synthesis.- References.- 9 Productivity of enzymatic catalysis in non-aqueous media: New developments.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Enzymatic solvent-free synthesis.- 9.3 Enzymatic catalysis in eutectic mixtures.- 9.4 Design and implementation of continuous bioreactors.- 9.5 Conclusions.- References.- 10 Large-scale enzymatic conversions in non-aqueous media.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 General aspects.- 10.3 Modification of oils and fats.- 10.4 Regioselective acylation of carbohydrates and steroids.- 10.5 Flavors and fragrances.- 10.6 Optically active pharmaceuticals and pesticides.- 10.7 Enzymatic polymer synthesis.- 10.8 Concluding remarks and future prospects.- References.- Epilogue: Prospects and challenges of biocatalysis in organic media.- References.

Reviews

...it offers an excellent theoretical backgroind of, and access to, enzymology in organic solvents, ...very useful for beginners; second owing to the detailed and comprehensive overview of applications, it can be used as a reference book. Trends in Food Science and Technology.; a useful reference book - Food Manufacture

...it offers an excellent theoretical backgroind of, and access to, enzymology in organic solvents,...very useful for beginners; second owing to the detailed and comprehensive overview of applications, it can be used as a reference book. Trends in Food Science and Technology.; a useful reference book - Food Manufacture

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