Overview

A practical guide to communication skills to help bodywork practitioners obtain a full and accurate assessment of their clients, which is essential if the therapist is to develop an appropriate working hypotheses on which to base the therapy plan for each individual client. The text has a practical, 'how to' approach and seeks to make the reader think about the communication skills required for effective implementation of therapy. Features: * Meets a specific and acknowledged need among a wide group of therapists (osteopaths, massage therapists, aromatherapists etc) * Practical approach ensures that the information presented is clearly relevant to day to day practice * Teaches the reader to recognise and build on the skills they already have * Uses case study examples * Nothing else available on the subject of communication for this group of health care professionals

Full Product Details

Author:   Jan Pye ,  Wendy Jago
Publisher:   Elsevier Health Sciences
Imprint:   Churchill Livingstone
Dimensions:   Width: 15.60cm , Height: 1.10cm , Length: 23.40cm
Weight:   0.299kg
ISBN:  

9780443059933

ISBN 10:   0443059934
Pages:   208
Publication Date:   07 August 1998
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Out of print, replaced by POD  
We will order this item for you from a manufatured on demand supplier.

Table of Contents

@contents:Table of Contents Preface Book 1 - MEASUREMENT Part I: Basic Issues of Measurement Chapter 1: Introduction to Measurement Introduction The Role of Measurement Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Assessment Measurement Evaluation Formal vs. Informal Assessment Classroom Assessment Preliminary or Placement Assessment Diagnostic Assessment Formative Assessment Summative Assessment Maximum vs. Typical Performance Measures Uses of Measurement Summary Chapter 1 Exercises Chapter 1 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: Setting Effective Academic Goals Chapter 2: Frames of Reference: Interpreting Test Scores Introduction Four Frames of Reference Ability-Referenced Interpretations Growth-Referenced Interpretations Norm-Referenced Interpretations Criterion-Referenced Interpretations A Comparison of Norm-Referenced and Criterion- Referenced Interpretations Choosing a Frame of Reference for Assessment Characteristics of Norm-Referenced and Criterion- Referenced Tests Item Difficulty Number of Items on the Test Summary Chapter 2 Exercises Chapter 2 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: Time Management Chapter 3: Developing Objectives Introduction Standards Planning by Using Goals and Objectives Goals vs. Objectives Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Objectives Knowledge Level Objectives Comprehension level Objectives Application Level Objectives Analysis Level Objectives Synthesis Level Objectives Evaluation Level Objectives Robert Mager's Instructional Objectives Norman Grundland's Instructional Objectives Robert Gagne's Learning Outcomes Gagne's Categories Using Objectives Summary Chapter 3 Exercises Chapter 3 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 4: Reliability Introduction What is Reliability? Theoretical Model of Reliability Computing Reliability Reliability and Validity Estimating Reliability Test-Retest Reliability Alternate-Form Reliability Internal Consistency Reliability Interpreting Reliabilities Improving Test Reliability Reducing Subject Effects Reducing Test Effects Reducing Environmental Effects Some Final Comments about Reliability Summary Chapter 4 Exercises Chapter 4 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 5: Validity Introduction Perspectives on Validity Content-Related Evidence of Validity Criterion-Related Evidence of Validity Construct-Related Evidence of Validity Which Perspective is the Most Important? Reliability and Validity Summary Chapter 5 Exercises Chapter 5 Spotlight on the Classroom Part II: Classroom Testing Chapter 6: Completion and Short-Answer Items Introduction Short-Answer Items Advantages and Limitations of Short-Answer Items Advantages Limitations Attributes Desired in Short-Answer Items Evaluating Short-Answer Items Summary Chapter 6 Exercises Chapter 6 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 7: Essay Items Introduction Advantages and Limitations of the Essay Format Advantages Limitations Types of Essay Items Scoring Essay Exams Holistic Scoring Analytic Scoring General Recommendations for Scoring Essay Answers Attributes Desired in Essay Items Evaluating Essay Items Summary Chapter 7 Exercises Chapter 7 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 8: Multiple-Choice Items Introduction Advantages and Limitations of Multiple-Choice Items Advantages Limitations Attributes Desired in Multiple-Choice Items Evaluating Multiple-Choice Items Various Types of Multiple-Choice Items Matching Items Range-of-Value Items Ranking Options Interpretive Exercises Number of Alternatives Summary Chapter 8 Exercises Chapter 8 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 9: True/False Items Introduction Advantage and Limitations of True/False Items Advantages Limitations Attributes of Good True/False Items Evaluating True/False Items Variations in the True/False Format Tue/False with Correction Embedded True/False Items Sequential True/False Items Checklists Summary Chapter 9 Exercises Chapter 9 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 10: Producing and Administering Tests Introduction Designing a Test Defining the Purpose of the Test Choosing the Types of Items to Use Choosing the Number of Items to Be Used Choosing the Difficulty Level of the Items Assuring Sufficient Accuracy Producing a Test Preparing the Items Ordering the Items Formatting the Text Preparing Instructions Proofreading Administering the Test Setting Up an Appropriate Testing Environment Summary Chapter 10 Exercises Chapter 10 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 11: Analyzing Tests Introduction Test Analysis Item Analysis Item Difficulty Item Discrimination Distractor Analysis Item Analysis Practice The Stability of Item Analyses Summary Chapter 11 Exercises Chapter 11 Spotlight on the Classroom Part III: Alternative Assessment Techniques Chapter 12: Informal Assessments Introduction What is Informal Assessment? Types of Informal Assessment Informal Observations Questions Characteristics of Informal Assessment Planning for Observations and Questions Choosing Behaviors to Observe The Validity Question The Reliability Question Techniques for Effective Informal Assessment Planning Informal Assessment Use Informal Assessment Frequently Maintain Positive Interactions with your Students Use the Results of Informal Assessment to Alter Instruction Summary Chapter 12 Exercises Chapter 12 Spotlight on the classroom Chapter 13: Performance Assessment Introduction What are Performance Assessments? Types of performance Assessments Process versus Product Simulated versus Real Settings Natural versus Structured Settings When Are Performance Assessment Appropriate To Use? Advantages and Limitations of Performance Assessments Advantages Limitations Planning and Developing Performance Assessments Tie Assessments to Objectives Measure Important Skills Focus on Process or Product Only Define the Tasks for the Students Scoring Performance Assessments Checklists Rating Scales Rubrics Summary Chapter 13 Exercises Chapter 13 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 14: Portfolios Introduction What Makes Portfolios Distinctive? Advantages and Limitations Advantages Limitations Components of Portfolios The List of Goals Work Samples Annotations When is Portfolio Assessment the Most Effective? Helping Students Develop Portfolios Scoring Portfolios The Future of Portfolio Assessment Summary Chapter 14 Exercises Chapter 14 Spotlight on the Classroom Part IV: Additional Measurement Issues Chapter 15: Teaching Students Test-Taking Skills Introduction General Test-Taking Strategies Budgeting Time Reading Directions Reading Items Carefully Checking Tests before Turning Them In Test-Taking Strategies for Specific Test Formats Strategies for Short-Answer Tests Strategies for Essay Tests Strategies for Multiple-Choice Tests Strategies for True-False Tests Familiarity with Testing Approaches Approaches to Teaching Test-Taking Skills Summary Chapter 15 Exercises Chapter 15 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 16: Standardized Tests Introduction General Characteristics of Standardized Tests A Case Study in Developing a Standardized Test Steps in Building a Standardized Test Setting Interpretation Standards Standardized Test Administration Achievement Tests Single-Subject-Area Achievement Tests Survey Batteries Diagnostic Tests Reading Readiness Tests Aptitude Tests Individual Aptitude Tests Group Aptitude Tests Other Types of Standardized Tests Using Standardized Tests Effectively in the Schools Selecting Standardized Tests Making Predictions Based on Test Scores Using Standardized Tests Appropriately The Effects of No Child Left Behind and Other Federal Mandates Summary Chapter 16 Exercises Chapter 16 Spotlight on the Classroom Chapter 17: Alternative Ways to Report Test Scores Introduction Percentile Ranks Standardized Scores z-Scores T-Scores SAT Scores Normalized Standard Scores Normal Curve Equivalent Scores Stanines Grade Equivalent Scores Building Confidence Intervals Error Variance Standard Error of Measurement Using the SEM to Build Confidence Intervals Factors Affecting the Width of Confidence Intervals Summary Chapter 17 Exercises Chapter 17 Spotlight Book I Index Book 2 - STATISTICS Chapter 1: The Language and Logic of Statistics Introduction Basic Language and Logic Constants and Variables Populations and Samples Parameters and Statistics Measurement Scales Categorical Data Ranked Data Numeric Data Discrete Data vs. Continuous Data Summary Chapter 1 Exercises Chapter 1 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: How to Read a Measurement and Statistics Text Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs Introduction Frequency Distributions Frequencies Proportion and Percentages Grouped Frequency Distributions Graphing Frequency Distributions Bar Charts Pie Charts Histograms Frequency Polygons Forms of Frequency Distributions Cumulative Frequency Distributions Summary Chapter 2 Exercises Chapter 2 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: How to Take Lecture Notes in a Measurement and Statistics Class Chapter 3: Central Tendency: What is a Typical Score? Introduction Measures of Central Tendency Mode Median Mean Deviation Scores Characteristics of Central Tendency Measures Stability of Central Tendency Measures Use of Central Tendency Measures Central Tendency and Form Summary Chapter 3 Exercises Chapter 3 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: Learning Technical Terminology Chapter 4: Variability: How Spread Out Are the Scores? Introduction The Variability Question Ranges Variance and Standard Deviation Summary Chapter 4 Exercises Chapter 4 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: How to Prepare for an Exam Chapter 5: Correlation Introduction Bivariate Statistics z-Scores Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Computational Formula for the PPMC Correlation and Prediction Summary Chapter 5 Exercises Chapter 5 Spotlight on the Classroom Study Tips: How to Learn from an Exam References Book II Index

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