Overview

Diplomacy Between the Wars' is a detailed inside story of diplomacy seen through the careers of five remarkable career diplomatists. Here is a unique and authentic picture of practical diplomacy and its effect during periods of international crisis which shaped the twentieth century. These were not the statesmen and politicians who dominated the international stage but practical diplomats with long experience, linguistic competence, deep knowledge of the local conditions, history, culture and of the people of the countries where they served. George Liebmann also brings acute political awareness to the subject. _x000D_ _x000D_ The achievements of these diplomats - often unsung during their careers and gleaned largely from history books - were considerable and a monument to practical, professional diplomacy. Lewis Einstein was influential in demonstrating the central role - and its control - of finance and credit in modern wars and urging massive US economic assistance to Europe and after World War II providing the intellectual underpinnings of the Marshall Plan; Sir Horace Rumbold's work was vital in avoiding war between Great Britain and Turkey and in warnings of the dangers of Hitler; Johann von Bernstorff opposed Germany's naval militarism', supported a negotiated end to the First World War and peaceful revision of the Treaty of Versailles; Count Carlo Sforza urged restraint on Italy's territorial ambitions and tolerance for former Fascists and Communists; and Ismet Inonu kept Turkey out of war, preserved her national interest at the Treaty of Lausanne and maintained friendship with the great powers. He worked for religious toleration and the limitation of dictatorship in Ataturk's secular Turkish Republic._x000D_ _x000D_ In his critically astute examination of five consequential but lesser known Western diplomats at work in the early decades of the twentieth century, George Liebmann provides students of diplomacy with valuable insights into a world in which personal diplomacy flourished. These men, drawing on exceptional talents of observation, analysis and advocacy, influenced governments who cared about what they had to say and often followed their advice. Liebmann enriches our understanding of a vital period during which unfettered diplomats in roles they largely created for themselves mattered. Brandon Grove, President Emeritus, The American Academy of Diplomacy_x000D_ _x000D_

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