Overview

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a widely prevalent clinical syndrome that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The pathological processes leading to CHF are numerous, among which coronary heart disease is the most widespread. There are several types of coronary heart disease, and in almost all cases, it can be complicated by CHF. Several factors are involved, including: the sympathoadrenal system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the systolic and diastolic function of the heart, the catecholamine system, the humoral system, renal functional activity, and several other factors and systems are closely related. Among these, the functional state of the cardiovascular system plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of CHF. Although several studies have been conducted considering the functional state of the cardiovascular system, none have developed a clear algorithm for optimizing the treatment of patients suffering from chronic heart failure while taking into account the functional state of the cardiovascular system.

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