Overview

Dogs are perhaps closest to human beings. Their pleasing nature, cooperative behaviour and natural instinct for affinity to human beings are some reasons for choosing them for companionship. Numerous tales relate to their obedience, loyalty and affinity to their masters. They are considered most intelligent and loyal pet animal to the mankind. Now a days the dogs are being utilised in different areas like forensic medicine, tracking, mining, sports, defence, space science, medical science and many more. With an increased importance of dogs, it becomes imperative to care for them and to provide best possible treatment against diseases, they suffer from. The dogs suffer from large number of diseases which may be of infectious or non-infectious origin. With the increased closeness to human beings and changed feeding habits by the owners over the years, renal diseases are a common finding. The kidneys are bean shaped organs that serve several essential regulatory roles in vertebrates. Each kidney consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla which projects into the renal pelvis. The nephron is the functional unit for urine production (Chew et al. 2011). Kidneys serve as the principal organ in maintenance of homeostasis, elimination of metabolic waste products of the body (such as urea, creatinine, uric acid and ammonia), regulation of extra-cellular fluid volume, blood pressure (by the rennin-angiotensin system) and systemic pH (via regulation of H+ and HCO3 - concentration). In addition, kidneys play integral role in the excretion of phosphorus, reabsorption of calcium, renal metabolism of vitamin D as well as regulation of erythrocyte mass under influence of renal erythropoietic factor (Cortan and Kumar 1999 and Sebastian et al. 2007). The kidneys also produce hormones including calcitriol, erythropoietin and

Full Product Details

9783328605058

Table of Contents

Reviews

Author Information

Tab Content 6

Customer Reviews

Recent Reviews

Countries Available