Overview

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently over 422 million people living with diabetes, making it one of the most prevalent health conditions globally. This number is expected to rise to 642 million by 2040 if current trends continue. Diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths directly attributed to diabetes each year. Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This is caused by the body's inability to produce enough insulin or to use it effectively. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. When the body does not produce enough insulin or is resistant to its effects, excess glucose builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus - type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, requiring individuals with type 1 diabetes to take insulin for the rest of their lives. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and accounts for about 5-10% of all diabetes cases. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is a result of a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. In type 2 diabetes, the body is unable to use insulin effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance. This leads to high blood sugar levels, which, over time, can cause damage to various organs and tissues in the body. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of all diabetes cases. It is more prevalent in adults, but the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is also increasing due to rising rates of childhood obesity.

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