Overview

This book was conducted in three experimental investigations and the first investigation aimed to firstly determine the repeatability of ultrasound parameters which include peak systolic velocity, pulsatility index, resistive index and vessel diameter inner to inner in measuring blood flow in 10 asymptomatic diabetic patients with early-stage PAD to establish their robustness before their utilisation in a larger sample size of participants in the second investigation. In the second investigation, the aim was to determine if the robust ultrasound parameters from the first investigation would able to detect the effects of early-stage PAD in the lower limb blood flow of 35 asymptomatic diabetic patients compared to 36 non-diabetic controls. In the third investigation, the aim was to determine if the robust ultrasound parameters from the second investigation alongside systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) would be able to show the acute effects of ingested beetroot juice by the same sample of participants from the second investigation. In this chapter, the first outline is an overview of the main pathological process being researched in this book which is Type 2 diabetes and its complication of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower limb arteries, followed by the overview of the current methods of imaging PAD and therapy then finally the rationale which prompted the undertaking of this book.

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