Overview

Criminology Unlocked: Understanding Crime, Justice, and Society is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and accessible exploration of the science of crime and criminal justice. Written with clarity and depth, the book combines classical theories with modern developments, making it equally valuable for students, professionals, policymakers, and general readers who wish to understand the dynamics of crime in both global and South Asian contexts. At its core, the book introduces readers to the foundations of criminology: the meaning of crime, the nature of criminality, and the behavioral patterns of offenders. It traces the historical evolution of criminology from philosophical and legal origins to a modern scientific discipline, while highlighting how criminology interacts with sociology, psychology, biology, law, and forensic science. The book provides a systematic examination of the nature and scope of criminology, including its relationship with criminal law, its role in addressing crime as a social problem, and its relevance to public policy and security. Readers are guided through different types of crimes and criminals, from white-collar and corporate crime to cybercrime, organized crime, and gender-based violence, with a strong emphasis on emerging trends such as terrorism, financial crime, and digital threats. The section on theoretical perspectives is especially valuable, presenting the major schools of thought-biological, psychological, sociological, and critical theories-alongside feminist, environmental, and Islamic perspectives. This diverse coverage makes the book relevant not only to exam aspirants but also to those seeking a deeper theoretical grounding. Special attention is given to juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system, offering insights into causes, risk factors, and rehabilitation approaches. Similarly, the criminal justice system is presented in detail, covering the roles of police, courts, prosecutors, correctional institutions, probation, parole, and restorative justice models, with particular focus on challenges such as prison overcrowding, mental health, and reintegration of offenders. The book also delves into the practical aspects of investigation and policing, including forensic techniques, behavioral profiling, intelligence operations, international cooperation, and the role of organizations such as INTERPOL, UNODC, and EUROPOL. Ethical and legal guidelines are emphasized throughout, reinforcing the balance between effective law enforcement and the protection of human rights. The final chapters address contemporary issues such as terrorism, radicalization, media representations of crime, gender and crime in Pakistan, urbanization, organized crime, human rights, financial and digital crimes, and the role of key national agencies like NAB, FIA, and ANF. The book concludes with a discussion on crime measurement and research methods, equipping readers with the tools to critically analyze data, surveys, and official statistics. While closely aligned with the Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) syllabus for the Central Superior Services (CSS) examination, this book is not confined to exam preparation. Its breadth and depth make it an essential resource for university students of criminology, law, sociology, and political science, as well as for policy analysts, researchers, journalists, civil servants, and informed citizens seeking to understand the complexities of crime and justice in the 21st century. With its blend of academic rigor, real-world relevance, and regional perspective, Criminology Unlocked provides an extraordinary and authoritative guide to one of the most fascinating and socially significant disciplines.

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