Overview

This comprehensive text examines both global and local coronary blood flow based on morphometry and mechanical properties of the coronary vasculature. Using a biomechanical approach, this book addresses coronary circulation in a quantitative manner based on models rooted in experimental data that account for the various physical determinants of coronary blood flow including myocardial-vessel interactions and various mechanisms of autoregulation. This is the first text dedicated to a distributive analysis (as opposed to lumped) and provides digital files for detailed anatomical data (e.g., diameters, lengths, node-to-node connections) of the coronary vessels. This book also provides appendices with specific mathematical formulations for the biomechanical analyses and models in the text. Written by Dr. Ghassan S. Kassab, a leader in the field of coronary biomechanics, Coronary Circulation: Anatomy, Mechanical Properties, and Biomechanics is a synthesis of seminal topics in the field and is intended for clinicians, bioengineers, and researchers as a compendium on the topic. The detailed anatomical and mechanical data provided are intended to be used as a platform to address new questions in this exciting and clinically very important research area.

Full Product Details

Author:   Ghassan S. Kassab
Publisher:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Imprint:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Edition:   2019 ed.
Weight:   1.033kg
ISBN:  

9783030148171

ISBN 10:   3030148173
Pages:   564
Publication Date:   28 May 2019
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier.

Table of Contents

Coronary Circulation: Anatomy, Mechanical Properties, and Biomechanics Preface Overview, Scope, Goal of Book, Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Biomechanics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic Terminology in Biomechanics Stress, Strain Compliance, Stiffness, Distensibility, and Young’s Modulus, Viscoelasticity 1.3 Approach 1.4 Structure and Geometry 1.5 Material Properties 1.6 Laws of Mechanics 1.7 Boundary Conditions 1.8 Boundary Value Problems 1.9 Solution of Boundary Value Problems Computational Fluid Dynamics Finite Element Method, Fluid-Structure Interaction ALE Formulation for Fluid-Structure-Interaction Immersed Boundary (IB) Method Chapter 2: Morphometry of Coronary Vasculature 2.1 Introduction 2. 2 Coronary Vasculature 2.3 Reduction of Coronary Vasculature Casting Material Animal and Isolated Heart Preparation Polymer Cast of Coronary Vasculature Histological and Cast Specimens Morphometric Measurements Diameter-Defined Strahler System Meshing of Histological and Cast Data Segments and Elements Connectivity Matrix Longitudinal Position Matrix Asymmetry Ratios Counting Total Number of Elements Arcade-Like Vessels: Epicardial Veins Network-Like Vessels: Capillaries Diameters and Lengths of Capillary Segments Topology of Arteriolar and Venular Zones and Mean Functional Capillary Length 2. 4 Integration of 3D Coronary Vasculature Node to Node Computer Reconstruction of Coronary Network Anatomical Input Files Statistical 3D Reconstruction of Coronary Vasculature Existing database and Additional Assumptions Reconstruction Approach Geometric Optimization Verification of Coronary Network 2.5 Non-Tree Structures 2.6 Labor Savings in Morphological Reconstruction 2.7 Automation: Segmentation and Centerline Detection Image Processing Segmentation of Vessel Boundary Segmentation under Topological Control Centerline Detection Vector Field Determination of the Centerlines Geometric Reconstruction 2.8 Grid Generation Element Quality 2.9 Visualization of Reconstructed Network 2.10 Patient Specific Coronary Morphometry Chapter 3: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Coronary Vasculature 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Compliance, Distensibility, and Stiffness Epicardial Arteries Capillaries 3.3 Effect of Surrounding Tissue: Radial Constraint and Tethering Pressure-Cross Sectional Area Relation Pressure-Volume Relation Slackness between Vessels and Myocardium 3.4 Zero-Stress State Circumferential Residual Strain Longitudinal Distribution of Mean Stress and Strain Transmural Wall Strain Distribution Effect of No-Load Duration on Opening Angle Effect of Osmolarity on Zero-Stress State Axial Residual Strain 3.5 Tri-axial Testing of Coronary Arteries Two-Layer Model 3.6 Active Mechanical Properties Isovolumic Myography 3.7 Ultrastructure of Coronary Arteries Intima Media Adventitia Collagen and Elastin Ground Substance Histology Multi-Photon Microscopy Morphometry of coronary adventitia Simultaneous mechanical loading-imaging Morphometry of elastin and collagen fibers at no-distension state In situ deformation of elastin and collagen fibers Morphometry of coronary Media Automation of Smooth Muscle Cell Measurements In situ deformation of Smooth Muscle Cells     Chapter 4: Constitutive Models of Coronary Vasculature 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Phenomenological Constitutive Models Shear Modulus Incremental Moduli Strain Energy Function (SEF) 2D and 3D SEF Fung Model Bilinear Model – Generalized Hooke’s Law Shear Modulus Incompressibility Condition Linear Viscoelasticity and Maxwell’s Model Artery Opening Angle Active Properties 4.3 Microstructure-based Constitutive models Comparison of microstructural models 4.4 Microstructural models of Coronary Artery Adventitia Uniform field models – Behavior of Ground Substance 3D Microstructural model of coronary adventitia Media Integrated 3D Model of Coronary Artery Wall Case I Case II Case III   Chapter 5: Network Analysis of Coronary Circulation: I. Steady State Flow 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Steady State Coronary Blood Flow Longitudinal Pressure and Flow Distributions Coronary Arterial Tree Model: Statistical Connectivity Coronary Arterial Tree Model: Node-to-Node Connectivity Spatial Heterogeneity of Coronary Flow Steady Flow Analysis in a 3D Coronary Arterial Model Flow Heterogeneity with Fractal Nature Role of Vascular Compliance Pressure-Flow Relation in Single Coronary Artery Role of Compliance and Blood Rheology on Pressure-Flow Relation in Entire Coronary Arterial Tree Capillary Network Flow Analysis Venous Network Flow Analysis 5.3 Structure-Function Relation Transition from “Distributing” to “Delivering” Vessels Transition from “Conduction” to “Transport” Possible Mechanisms for Functional Hierarchy Significance of Functional Hierarchy   Chapter 6: Network Analysis of Coronary Circulation: II. Pulsatile Flow 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pulsatile Flow in Coronary Vasculature Pulsatile Flow Experiments in Passive Hearts Womersley-Type Model Low Frequency Flow Model Compared with Steady-State Flow Experimental Validation of Womersley ModelEffect of Various Parameters (e.g., Wave Frequency, Branching Asymmetry, etc.) on Pulsatile Blood Flow Hybrid One-Dimensional/Womersley Model Pressure Boundary Conditions at the Inlet of LAD and LCx Arteries Effect of Energy Loss at Bifurcation 6.3 Myocardial-Vessel Interaction Flow Models of Coronary Vasculature Intramyocardial Pressure (IMP) Lumped Models Distributive Models Vessel Elasticity MVI Model Anatomical Model Single Vessel Flow Model Network Flow Model Model Predictions Phasic Changes Test of MVI Mechanisms 6.4 Coronary Flow Regulation Coronary Autoregulation Models of Autoregulation Perfusion Dispersion Transmural Perfusion Heterogeneity Metabolic Flow Reserve (MFR) Effect of Regulation on the Coronary Flow Model Predictions Effect of MVI Model Sensitivity Myogenic sensitivity Shear Sensitivity Metabolic Sensitivity Order Dependence of the Metabolic Diameter Regulation Model Validations Novel Model Predictions   Chapter 7:  Scaling Laws of Coronary Vasculature 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Murray’s Law 7.3 Zhou, Kassab, and Molloi ZKM Model Validation of ZKM Model Experimental Validations Computational Validations 7.4 Validation of Scaling Laws in Other Vascular Trees Optimal Power Dissipation Vascular Metabolic Dissipation of Blood Vessel Wall 7.5 Scaling Law of Flow Resistance 7.6 Scaling of Myocardial Mass 7.7 Scaling Law of Vascular Blood Volume Comparison with ZKM Model 7.8 Scaling laws of flow rate, vessel blood volume, vascular lengths, and transit times with number of capillaries Flow Scales with Capillary Numbers Crown Volume Scales with Capillary Number Crown Length Scales with Capillary Number Transit Time Scales with Crown Volume and Length 7.9 Other Design Features of Vascular Trees 7.10 Fractal Description of Branching Pattern 7.11 Intraspecific Scaling Laws of Vascular Trees 7.12 Constructal Law   Chapter 8: Local Coronary Flow and Stress Distribution 8.1 Introduction          8.2 Local Coronary Flow Analysis Flow in LAD Artery Trunk Flow near Bifurcations Effect of Compliance 8.3 Coronary Artery Wall Stress Effect of Residual Stress Effect of Surrounding Myocardium Flow Field and Wall Shear Stress Vessel Wall Stresses and Strains Effect of Fluid-Solid Interaction Effect of Axial Pre-Stretch Microstructural 3D Model Adventitia Full 3D Coronary Artery Wall

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Dr. Kassab received his BS (Chemical Engineering), MS (Engineering Sciences), and PhD (Bioengineering, Summa Cum Laude) from UCSD. He previously served as the Guidant Chair and Professor at Indiana/Purdue University. He is the founder and current President of California Medical Innovations Institute in San Diego.Dr. Kassab is the recipient of the NIH Young Investigator Award, AHA Established Investigator Award, Farriborz Maseeh Best Research Award, Abraham M. Max Distinguished Professor Award, Eminent Engineer Award of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, Indiana’s President Circle Award, and Glenn IrwinChancellor Best Research Scholar Award. Dr. Kassab has published over 300full-length publications and his scientific interests encompass the biomechanics of cardiovascular and gastroenterology systems in health and disease. He also has over 250 issued or pending patents in the areas of diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, aneurysm, and obesity. Dr. Kassab’s intellectualproperties have resulted in multiple start-ups and licensesto the medical device industry.

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