Overview

Capable of acquiring large volumes of data through sensors deployed in air, land, and sea, and making this information readily available in a continuous time frame, the science of geographical information system (GIS) is rapidly evolving. This popular information system is emerging as a platform for scientific visualization, simulation, and computation of spatio-temporal data. New computing techniques are being researched and implemented to match the increasing capability of modern-day computing platforms and easy availability of spatio-temporal data. This has led to the need for the design, analysis, development, and optimization of new algorithms for extracting spatio-temporal patterns from a large volume of spatial data. Computing in Geographic Information Systems considers the computational aspects, and helps students understand the mathematical principles of GIS. It provides a deeper understanding of the algorithms and mathematical methods inherent in the process of designing and developing GIS functions. It examines the associated scientific computations along with the applications of computational geometry, differential geometry, and affine geometry in processing spatial data. It also covers the mathematical aspects of geodesy, cartography, map projection, spatial interpolation, spatial statistics, and coordinate transformation. The book discusses the principles of bathymetry and generation of electronic navigation charts. The book consists of 12 chapters. Chapters one through four delve into the modeling and preprocessing of spatial data and prepares the spatial data as input to the GIS system. Chapters five through eight describe the various techniques of computing the spatial data using different geometric and statically techniques. Chapters nine through eleven define the technique for image registration computation and measurements of spatial objects and phenomenon. * Examines cartographic modeling and map projection * Covers the mathematical aspects of different map projections * Explores some of the spatial analysis techniques and applications of GIS * Introduces the bathymetric principles and systems generated using bathymetric charts * Explains concepts of differential geometry, affine geometry, and computational geometry * Discusses popular analysis and measurement methods used in GIS This text outlines the key concepts encompassing GIS and spatio-temporal information, and is intended for students, researchers, and professionals engaged in analysis, visualization, and estimation of spatio-temporal events.

Full Product Details

Author:   Narayan Panigrahi
Publisher:   Taylor & Francis Ebooks
Imprint:   CRC Press
ISBN:  

9781482223163

ISBN 10:   1482223163
Pages:   303
Publication Date:   07 July 2014
Audience:   General/trade ,  College/higher education ,  General ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Format:   Electronic book text
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In stock  
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Table of Contents

Introduction Definitions and Different Perspectives of GIS Computational Aspects of GIS Computing Algorithms in GIS Motivation of the Book Organization of the Book Summary Computational Geodesy Definition of Geodesy Mathematical Models of Earth Geometry of Ellipse and Ellipsoid Computing Radius of Curvature Concept of Latitude Applications of Geodesy The Indian Geodetic Reference System (IGRS) Summary Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations Definition of Reference System Classification of Reference Systems Datum and Coordinate System Attachment of Datum to the Real World Different Coordinate Systems Used in GIS Shape of Earth Coordinate Transformations Datum Transformation Usage of Coordinate Systems Summary Basics of Map Projection What is Map Projection? and Why it is Necessary? Mathematical Definition of Map Projection Process Flow of Map Projection Azimuthal Map Projection Cylinderical Map Projection Conical Map Projection Classification of Map Projections Application of Map Projections Summary Algorithms for Rectification of Geometric Distortions Sources of Geometric Distortion Algorithms for Satellite Image Registration Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Fourier Mellin Transform Multiresolution Image Analysis Applications of Image Registration Summary Differential Geometric Principles and Operators Properties of Gaussian, Hessian and Difference of Gaussian Summary Computational Geometry and its Application to GIS Introduction Definitions Geometric Computational Techniques Triangulation of Simple Polygon Convex Hulls in Two Dimensions Divide and Conquer Algorithm Voronoi Diagrams Delaunay Triangulation Delaunay Triangulation: Randomized Incremental Algorithm Delaunay Triangulations and Convex Hulls Applications of Voronoi Diagram and Delaunay Triangulation Summary Spatial Interpolation Techniques Non-Geostatistical Interpolators Geostatistics Summary Spatial Statistical Methods Definition of Statistics Spatial statistics Classification of statistical methods Role of statistics in GIS Descriptive Statistical Methods Inferential Statistics Point Pattern Analysis in GIS Applications of Spatial Statistical Methods Summary An Introduction to Bathymetry Spatial Analysis of Bathymetric Data and Sea GIS Measurements and Analysis Using GIS Appendix Appendix-B Glossary of GIS Terms Bibliography

Reviews

This book addresses mathematics and computational methods that are not usually covered by common GIS books. Unlike other books that only teach people how to apply GIS and use GIS software, this book describes the underlying principles and mathematical equations. Engineers who develop innovative tools for GIS users would find this book useful. --Shipeng Sun, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA There are only few books that deal with mathematical aspects of GIS. This book will help to fill this gap. The most valuable contribution of this book is the fact that it effectively pervades mathematical equations and formulas to discuss geospatial concepts and principles. GIS topics are amply covered, and are approached in a way that will help students of GIS to gain greater knowledge of the computational aspects of spatial data collection, transformation, manipulation, analysis and application. --Shrinidhi Ambinakudige, Mississippi State University

Author Information

Dr. Narayan Panigrahi is a practicing geo-spatial scientist in the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), Bangalore, India. He obtained his master's degree from the J.K. Institute of Applied Physics and Technology, University of Allahabad, his M Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, and his PhD from IIT, Bombay, India. His current research interests include geographical information science, design and optimization of algorithms for computation of spatial data in vector and raster form obtained through different sensors, and application of GIS for resource mapping and operation planning.

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