Overview

Language teaching and learning were crucial to Europeans’ colonial, national, and individual enterprises in the Levant, and in these processes, “Oriental language teachers” – as they were termed prior to the Second World War – were fundamental. European state nationalisms influenced and increasingly competed with each other by promoting their languages and cultures abroad, by means of both private and governmental actors. At the same time, learning Arabic became more prominent around the Mediterranean. The first half of the twentieth century corresponded with the emergence of new media; language was thought of as a cultural product to be exported into new cultural spaces. However, many blind spots remain in the history of linguistic thought and practices, including the forgotten and neglected voices of those involved in learning and teaching Arabic. This volume aims to revisit aspects of this linguistic encounter, including its vision, profile, priorities, trajectories, and practices.

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9789048560394

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Sarah Irving is Lecturer at Staffordshire University, PI of a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship and Editor-in-chief of Contemporary Levant (Francis & Taylor). Her PhD, at the University of Edinburgh, focused on knowledge creation amongst a small group of Palestinian Christians during the Mandate period, and her subsequent research has primarily concerned the role of local labourers, especially women, in archaeology in Late Ottoman Palestine. She has taught at King’s College London and Edge Hill University and a member of CrossRoads (Leiden University). She is the author of a number of scholarly articles on the uses and operation of history and archaeology in Late Ottoman and Mandate Palestine and on contemporary Arabic literature. Karène Sanchez Summerer (ed.) is Professor and Chair of Middle Eastern studies at Groningen University, specializing in a relational cultural and social history of Ottoman and Mandate Palestine and its communities. She has published on multilingualism and language policy in Palestine during the Ottoman and British Mandate periods. Her last publications include ‘Unsilencing Palestine 1922-1923. Hundred years after Frank Scholten’s visit to the Holy Land, Contemporary Levant, 2024; ‘Orthodoxy and solidarity: Niqula Khoury’s journey to the League of Nations’ (with S. Irving) in Erik Freas (ed.) Christians of Palestine, an Anthology, Routledge, 2024. Rachel Mairs is Professor of Classics and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Reading. She has previously held positions at New York University, the University of Oxford and Brown University. Her research focusses on ethnicity and multilingualism in Hellenistic Egypt and Central Asia, and the colonial history of archaeology in the Middle East. Her publications include Arabic Dialogues: Phrasebooks and the Learning of Colloquial Arabic, 1798-1945 (2024), The Hellenistic Far East: Archaeology, Language and Identity in Greek Central Asia(2014), Archaeologists, Tourists, Interpreters (with Maya Muratov, 2015) and From Khartoum to Jerusalem: The Dragoman Solomon Negima and his Clients (2016). Lucia Admiraal (ed.) is Assistant Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at Groningen University. She specializes in modern Arab intellectual history and literature. Her publications include ‘Celebrating Celebrating Maimonides in Cairo (1935): Jewish historiography, Islamic philosophy and the nah.a’, Contemporary Levant, 2023. Her monograph, Confronting Fascism in the Arabic Jewish Press. Intellectual Debates and Entangled Loyalties, 1933-1948, is forthcoming with I.B. Tauris (November 2024).

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