Overview

For undergraduate level courses in Cognition and Theories of Learning. The psychology of human memory and cognition is fascinating, dealing with questions and ideas that are inherently interesting, such as how we think, reason, remember, and use language. Using a first person narrative, posing direct questions to the reader, and balancing classic research with cutting edge topics, the author draws in the reader and conveys the excitement of the field. Reflecting the increasing use of new technologies to study memory and cognition, Ashcraft and the new co-author, Gabriel Radvansky, continue to integrate sections on neurosciences within individual chapter topics.

Full Product Details

Author:   Mark Ashcraft ,  Gabriel Radvansky ,  Gabriel Radvansky
Publisher:   Pearson Education Limited
Imprint:   Pearson Education Limited
Edition:   5th edition
Dimensions:   Width: 21.70cm , Height: 2.60cm , Length: 28.10cm
Weight:   1.200kg
ISBN:  

9781292021478

ISBN 10:   1292021470
Pages:   592
Publication Date:   23 July 2013
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Replaced By:   9780205985807
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Glossary 1. Cognitive Psychology : An Introduction Thinking About Thinking Memory and Cognition Defined An Introductory History of Cognitive Psychology Anticipations of Psychology Early Psychology Behaviorism and Neobehaviorism Dissatifaction with Behaviorism: The Winds of Change Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing The New Direction The Assumptions of Cognitive Psychology 2. The Cognitive Science Approach Guiding Principles Themes Measuring Information Processes Getting Started Time and Accuracy Measures Guiding Analogies The Information-Processing Approach The Standard Theory A Process Model The Strict Information Processing Approach Some Difficulties The Modern Cognitive Approach: Cognitive Science Updating the Standard Theory Fixing the Narrowness Neurocognition: The Brain and Cognition Together Basic Neurology Brain Anatomy Principles of Functioning Split Brain Research and Lateralization Methods of Investigation Neural Net Models: Connectionism 3. Perception and Pattern Recognition Visual Perception Gathering Visual Information Visual Sensory Memory The Early parts of a Fixation A Summary for Visual Sensory MemoryTrans-saccadic Memory Pattern Recognition: Written Language Gestalt Grouping PrinciplesThe Template ApproachVisual Feature DetectionBeyond Features: Conceptually Driven Pattern RecognitionConnectionist Modeling Object Recognition and Agnosia Recognition by Components Agnosia Implications for Cognitive Science Auditory Perception Auditory Sensory Memory Auditory Pattern Recognition 4. Attention Multiple Meaning of Attention Basics of Attention Basic Input Attentional Processes Alertness and Arousal Orienting Response and Attention Capture Spotlight Attention and Visual Search Contrasting Input and Controlled AttentionHemineglect: An Attention Deficit Controlled, Voluntary Attention Selective Attention and the Cocktail Party Effect Selection Models Attention as a Mental Resource Automatic and Conscious Processing Theories A Synthesis for Attention and Automaticity Disadvantages of Automaticity 5. Short-Term Working Memory Short-Term Memory: A Limited Capacity BottleneckThe Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus TwoForgetting from Short-Term Memory Short-Term Memory RetrievalSerial Position EffectsShort-Term Memory Scanning: The Sternberg Task Working Memory The Components of Working MemoryThe Central ExecutiveThe Phonological LoopThe Visuo-Spatial SketchpadThe Episodic Buffer Assessing Working MemoryThe Dual Task MethodWorking Memory Span The Role of Working Memory in CognitionWorking Memory and AttentionWorking Memory and Long-Term MemoryWorking Memory and ReasoningSometimes Small Working Memory Spans are Better 6. Learning and Remembering Preliminary Issues Mnemonic Devices The Ebbinghaus Tradition of Memory Research Metamemory Storing Information in Episodic Memory Rehearsal Frequency of Rehearsal Two Kinds of Rehearsal Depth of Processing Challenges to Depth of Processing Generation and EnactmentOrganization in StorageImageryEmotion and Survival ValueContext and Encoding Specificity Retrieving Episodic Information Decay Interference Retrieval Failure Retrieval Cues Amnesia and Implicit Memory Dissociation of Episodic and Semantic Memory Anterograde Amnesia Implicit and Explicit Memory 7. Knowing Semantic Memory The Collins and Quillian ( and Loftus) Model Smith's Feature Comparison Model Empirical Tests of Semantic Memory Models Semantic Relatedness Priming in Semantic Memory Nuts and Bolts of Priming Tasks Empirical Demonstrations of Priming Priming in Other Tasks Automatic and Controlled PrimingPriming Is an Implicit Process Schemata and ScriptsBartlett's ResearchSchemataScriptsEvidence of Scripts < Context, Connectionism, and the BrainConnectionismConnectionism and the Brain 8. Using Knowledge in the Real World The Seven Sins of Memory Facts About the WorldThe Nature of PropositionsRules for Deriving PropositionsAre Propositions Real? Situation Models and Embodied CognitionLevels of RepresentationRemembering Facts MetamemorySource MonitoringProspective MemoryKnowing What You Know False Memories, Eyewitness Memory. and Forgotten Memories False Memories Integration Leading Questions and Memory Distortion The Misinformation Effect Source Misattribution and Misinformation Acceptance Stronger Memory Distortion Effects Repressed and Recovered Memories Autobiographical Memories The Bahrick Work Phenomena of Autobiographical Memory The Irony of Memory 9. Language Linguistic Universals and Functions Defining LanguageLanguage Universals Animal Communication Levels of Analysis, a Critical Distinction, and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Phonology: The Sounds of Language Sounds in Isolation Combining Phonemes into WordsEmbodiment in Speech Perception Speech Perception and Context A Final Puzzle Syntax: The Ordering of Words and Phrases Chomsky's Transformational Grammar Limitations of the Transformational Grammar Approach The Cognitive Role of Syntax Lexical and Semantic Factors: The Meaning in Language Morphemes The Lexical Representation Case Grammar Interaction of Syntax and Semantics Evidence for the Semantic Grammar Approaches Brain and Language Language in the Intact Brain Aphasia Generalizing from Aphasia 10. Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language Getting Started: An Overview Conceptual and Rule Knowledge Traditional Comprehension Research Online Comprehension Tasks Metacomprehension Comprehension as Mental Structure Building Levels of Comprehension Reading Gaze Duration Basic Online Reading Effects A Model of Reading Summary Reference, Situation Models, and EventsReferenceSituation ModelsEvents Conversation and Gesture The Structure of Conversations Cognitive Conversational Characteristics Empirical Effects in Conversation Gesture 11. Problem Solving The Status of Problem-Solving Area Gestalt Psychology and Problem Solving Early Gestalt Research Difficulties in Problem Solving Insight and Analogy Insight Analogy Neurocognition in Analogy and Insight Basics of Problem Solving Characteristics of Problem Solving A Vocabulary of Problem Solving Means-End Analysis: A Fundamental Heuristic The Basics of Means-End Analysis The Tower of Hanoi General Problem Solver Improving Your Problem Solving Increase Your Domain Knowledge Automate Some Components of the Problem-Solving Solution Follow a Systematic Plan Draw Inferences Develop Subgoals Work Backward Search for Contradictions Search for Relations Among Problems Find a Different Problem RepresentationStay Calm If All Else Fails, Try Practice 12. Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning Formal Logic and Reasoning Syllogisms Conditional Reasoning: If P Then Q Hypothesis Testing Decisions Decisions About Physical Differences Decisions About Symbolic Differences Decisions About Geographic Distances Decisions and Reasoning Under Uncertainty Algorithms and Heuristics Heuristics, Biases, and Fallacies The Representativeness Heuristic The Availability Heuristics The Simulation Heuristics The Undoing Heuristics: Counterfactual Reasoning Adaptive Thinking and Fast, Frugal Heuristics The Ongoing Debate Limitations in Reasoning Limited Domain Knowledge Limitations in Processing Resources Appendix: Algorithms for Coin Tosses and Hospital BirthsCoin TossesHospital Births ReferencesPhoto CreditsName IndexSubjet Index

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