Clinical evaluation of teeth whitening in smokers

Author:   Juliana Larocca de Geus
Publisher:   Our Knowledge Publishing
ISBN:  

9786209263354


Pages:   76
Publication Date:   16 November 2025
Format:   Paperback
Availability:   Available To Order   Availability explained
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Clinical evaluation of teeth whitening in smokers


Overview

The objective of this book was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness, color stability, tooth sensitivity, and genotoxicity of home whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and non-smokers. Teeth whitening was performed with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect - FGM, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil) for 3 hours daily for three weeks. Color was evaluated using the Vita classical scale, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, and Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), initially during teeth whitening (1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks) and after this procedure (1 week and 1 month). Tooth sensitivity was recorded by the patients themselves using a 0-4 scale and a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). The genotoxicity of whitening was assessed by the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the gingival tissue before and after whitening.

Full Product Details

Author:   Juliana Larocca de Geus
Publisher:   Our Knowledge Publishing
Imprint:   Our Knowledge Publishing
Dimensions:   Width: 15.20cm , Height: 0.50cm , Length: 22.90cm
Weight:   0.113kg
ISBN:  

9786209263354


ISBN 10:   6209263356
Pages:   76
Publication Date:   16 November 2025
Audience:   General/trade ,  General
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order   Availability explained
We have confirmation that this item is in stock with the supplier. It will be ordered in for you and dispatched immediately.

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