Overview

The 1975 Lebanese Civil War was one of the most disastrous and costly civil wars in modern history. The human toll of the ""First Phase"" of the war was immense, with estimates of 40,000 dead, 60,000 wounded and 600,000 Lebanese civilians displaced from their homes. When the Lebanese conflagration began, the United States was beset by a number of political and economic challenges. President Gerald R. Ford was an unelected leader with very little political influence and the U.S. military was in disarray following Vietnam. Confronted with a weakening economy, domestic political instability, Cold War political maneuvering and Middle East peace initiatives, President Ford decided against a U.S. military intervention in Lebanon. This inaction and passivity ultimately contributed to an abdication of U.S. regional leadership and international influence during a very tumultuous time. The U.S. leadership opted instead to focus on diplomacy and partnerships with regional actors to influence Lebanese peace negotiations. This strategy led to the empowerment of a authoritarian Syrian regime, which culminated in a massive Syrian invasion of Lebanon under the guise of ending the violence. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

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