Overview

In general, term 'scattering' means a random distribution of certain items by a suitable target. Since scattering occurs due to collision of projectile and scatterer, hence scattering theory is also known as collision theory. Scattering theory is a framework for studying and understanding the fundamental to the branches of physics and astrophysics. It is initiated through the interactions between the electrons and atoms, positron and atoms, neutron and atoms or any other projectile over an appropriate target. In it deviation of particle (projectile) from its original direction is caused by the interaction with the target (scatterer). A large number of parameters defined, are determined in scattering giving the knowledge about forces, structure and charge distribution etc of the target because usually the nature of the particle used as projectile is known. Nearly a century has been passed since the first successful investigation in this field by Rutherford's findings that atom have their mass and positive charge concentrated in almost point like nuclei. Recent discoveries of scattering on smaller lengthy scale and computer simulated theories have made possible that protons and neutrons etc are themselves made up of apparently point like quarks. In scattering, one customarily studies collisions among nuclear, sub-nuclear, atomic or molecular particles, and as these are intrinsically quantum systems. It is logical that quantum mechanics is used as the basis for modern scattering theory. Experimental results are used to validate physical and mathematical modeling by a number of exemplary illustrations and comparing theoretical and experimental results. The scattering experiments were rare in physics before quantum mechanics.

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