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This study was the first conducted in Brazil's newest state, Tocantins. Small rodents were collected from various types of vegetation. Chromosome preparations were subjected to conventional staining and G, C and RON banding. Chromosome differentiation was produced after treatment with ethidium bromide in some individuals. Nine genera and 12 species were karyotyped: Bolomys lasiurus (2n=34 and NA=34), Calomys tener (2n=66 and NA=66), Calomys sp.n. (2n=46 and NA=66), Nectomys rattus (2n=52, 53 and NA=52, 54), Oligoryzomys flavescens (2n=64 and NA=66), Oligoryzomys sp.n. (2n=70 and NA=76), Oryzomys megacephalus (Karyotype A with 2n=54 and NA=62; Karyotype B with 2n=52/53 and NA=58/60), Oryzomys gr. subflavus (2n=46 and NA=56), Rhipidomys macrurus (2n=44 and NA=48), all of which belong to the family Cricetidae; Proechimys roberti (2n=30 and NA=54), Trichomys apereoides (2n=30 and NA=54), are from the Echimyidae family; and Rattus rattus (2n=38 and NA=58), is from the Muridae family. Most karyotypes are similar/identical to those described in the literature. Some specimens in the sample, Calomys sp.n. and Oligoryzomys sp.n., presented unpublished karyotypes. One O.megacephalus presented a 2n variable to that of the species.

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